中国では老化が小規模農業の持続可能性を脅かしている
Chenchen Ren1,2,3, Xinyue Zhou4, Chen Wang1,3
1College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Nature
|February 22, 2023
まとめ
中国の農村の人口の老化は 農場の規模と農産物の生産量を減少させ 農家の収入に影響を与え 環境汚染を増加させています 協同農業モデルへの移行は 持続可能な農業を促進することで これらの悪影響を逆転させることができます
科学分野:
- 農業経済学
- 人口統計
- 環境科学
背景:
- 人口の急速な老化は社会経済発展,食料安全保障,農業の持続可能性に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- 農村人口の高齢化が農業の実践と成果に及ぼす影響は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 農場規模,農産物投入,生産,労働生産性,中国における農家の収入に対する農村人口高齢化の影響を定量化する.
- 農業の老化による変化による環境的影響を評価する.
- 農村の老化の悪影響を軽減するための新しい農業モデルの可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 中国の農村部の1万5千世帯 (作物,家畜なし) のデータを分析した.
- 農業の規模,土地利用,農業投入,生産,農家の収入を現在の人口年齢構造と1990年の基準の間で比較する.
- 2100年までに新しい農業モデルへの移行の可能性をモデル化
主要な成果:
- 農村人口の高齢化により,農場の規模は4% (約 4百万ヘクタール) で,農業の投入,生産,労働の生産性はそれぞれ5%と4%減少した.
- 農家の収入は15%減少し,肥料の損失と汚染物質の排出は3%増加しました.
- 協同農業のような新しい農業モデルは 農場を大きくし 経営を改善し 農家の収入を増やす可能性を示しています
結論:
- 農村部の人口の老化は,中国の農業の持続可能性と農家の生計に悪影響を及ぼしています.
- 協同農業モデルへの移行は,これらの負の傾向を逆転させ,農業の投入,農場の規模,農家の収入を増加させ,環境汚染を減らすことができます.
- 農村の老化を効果的に管理することは,小規模農業を持続可能な農業に転換するために不可欠です.
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