非鳥類のセロポッド恐竜の巨大化と小型化の基礎となる発達戦略

Michael D D'Emic^1,2, Patrick M O'Connor^3,4, Riley S Sombathy^1,4,5

¹Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 23, 2023

まとめ

胎児の体の大きさの進化は,成長率と期間の両方を含みます. テロポッド類の恐竜の研究ではこれらの要因がほぼ同じ役割を演じていることが明らかになり前の仮定に異議を唱えました

科学分野:

古生物学
進化生物学
発達生物学

背景:

胎児の体の大きさの進化は主に成長率の変化に起因し,持続時間ではない.
現存する研究には発達戦略の理解を制限する総合的な遺伝分析が欠けていることが多い.

研究の目的:

体の大きさの進化における発達戦略の最初の大規模な系統遺伝的比較分析を行う.
成長率と長さの役割が鳥類以外のセロポッド恐竜の体格の差異を形作っているかを調査する.

主な方法:

成長率と体質の祖先の状態を再構築する.
非鳥類のセロポッド恐竜の分類学的に豊富なデータセットを使用しています.
遺伝学的な比較方法を用いること.

主要な成果:

支配的な理論とは対照的に,成長率と期間の両方の変化が重要な要因であることが判明しました.
成長率と持続時間は体の大きさの差異の進化にほぼ同じ役割を果たしました
この発見は,鳥類以外のセロポッドと,潜在的に胞類に広く適用されます.

結論:

この研究は,長年にわたる成長率が胎児の体の大きさの進化の唯一の原動力であるという見解に異議を唱えている.
成長のスピードと持続時間は体の大きさの多様性を決定する重要な要素です
将来の研究では進化の研究における 2つの発達パラメータを考慮すべきである.

さらに関連する動画

04:10

Creating Avian Forebrain Chimeras to Assess Facial Development

Published on: February 18, 2021

1.2K

09:38

Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras

Published on: May 31, 2014

11.0K

関連する概念動画

01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

31.5K

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.

31.5K

02:56

The Fossil Record

25.3K

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...

25.3K

01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

2.1K

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

2.1K

01:10

Nature and Nurture

20.6K

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...

Life Histories