上古石器時代から新石器時代までのヨーロッパの狩猟採集者の古生物学
Cosimo Posth1,2,3, He Yu4,5, Ayshin Ghalichi6
1Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. cosimo.posth@uni-tuebingen.de.
Nature
|March 1, 2023
まとめ
古代ヨーロッパの狩猟採集者のゲノムは 地域や時代によって 異なる遺伝子プロフィールを示しています 重要な祖先のプロファイルは最後の氷河期にわたって存在し,別のプロファイルはヨーロッパに広がり,以前の遺伝子プールを大きく置き換えた.
科学分野:
- パレオゲネティクス
- 考古学
- ヨーロッパ史前史
背景:
- 現代の人類は 4万5千年以上ヨーロッパに住んでいます
- 古代の狩猟採集者の遺伝子の理解は 希少で保存状態の悪い遺跡によって 制限されています
- ゲノム解析は 集団の動態と関係性に関する 重要な洞察力を提供します
研究 の 目的:
- 古代ヨーロッパの狩猟採集者の 遺伝子を再構築する
- 異なる考古学的な文化や時代における 遺伝的連続性と転移を特定する.
- 上古石器時代と中古石器時代における 人口移動と混入を調査する.
主な方法:
- 356の古代狩猟採集者のゲノムを分析した
- ユーラシア西部と中央部の116人の新しいゲノムデータを含みます.
- 遺伝子プロファイルのための放射性炭素年代測定と古代DNA (aDNA) 分析.
主要な成果:
- 初期のオーリニャキア人の集団に似ている,西ヨーロッパにおける異なる上古石器時代のグラベッティアン関連祖先の特定.
- この祖先の証拠は,西南ヨーロッパの最後の氷河期 (ソルトリアンとマグダレーニアン文化) を通じて存在していた.
- 南ヨーロッパにおける最後の氷河期における遺伝的転移で,エピグラベッティアンと関連した集団が北に散らばり,14000年前にはマグダレーニアン遺伝子プールを大きく置き換えた.
結論:
- 古代ヨーロッパの狩猟採集集団は 重要な地域遺伝的差異と時間的動態を示した.
- 特定の祖先のプロファイルは,氷河期を通して回復力を示し,主要な交換を経験しました.
- 氷河期後のヨーロッパでは,顕著な現象的差異を持つ西側と東部の狩猟採集者のグループ間の相互作用と混合が見られた.
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