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関連する概念動画

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.9K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

973
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
973
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

254
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
254
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.5K

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関連する実験動画

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Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1
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Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1

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シングル分子鈴木-ミヤウラクロスカップリング間の調節可能なインターフェロメトリック効果

Yilin Guo1, Chen Yang1, Lei Zhang1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,複数の触媒が単一分子レベルでどのように相互作用し,複雑な反応のダイナミクスを明らかにすることを明らかにしています. 単一の分子の観察と 大量の化学反応の理解の間の ギャップを埋めています

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1
11:27

Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1

Published on: September 18, 2019

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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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科学分野:

  • 単分子スペクトロスコーピ
  • カタリシス
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 単一分子レベルで触媒プロセスを理解することは 化学反応を進めるために不可欠です
  • 単一分子の振る舞いをアンサンブル属性へと推論することは,化学における重要な課題である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 単一の装置における複数の触媒の相互関係と複雑性を調査する.
  • 複数の分子の単一イベントレベルでの反応ダイナミクスを測定するための新しい方法を実証する.

主な方法:

  • パラジウム触媒を積んだ2つの分子ブリッジをグラフェン電極に統合する.
  • 単一分子電気スペクトロスコーピーを用いて 触媒経路を分析する
  • 単一分子レベルでスズキ-ミヤウラ交互結合反応を観察する.

主要な成果:

  • 異なるパラジウム触媒の相互相関をマッピングした.
  • 溶媒による二極二極相互作用と破壊的干渉による触媒間の反相関行動が明らかになった.
  • 基本的なステップの局所的な加速につながる協力的なカップリングを観察した.

結論:

  • 単一イベント解像度で多触媒相互作用を研究する方法を開発した.
  • 複数の触媒の相互作用から生じる複雑性が示されている.
  • 単一分子と集合反応のダイナミクスの間のギャップを埋めるための新しいアプローチを確立しました.