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関連する概念動画

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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MEDUSA for Identifying Death Regulatory Genes in Chemo-genetic Profiling Data
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MEDUSA for Identifying Death Regulatory Genes in Chemo-genetic Profiling Data

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細胞 死 を 制御 する 巨大な 機械

Peter D Mace1, Catherine L Day1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 17, 2023
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

構造分析は,アポプトティック細胞死決定の調節を明確にする. この研究により プログラムされた細胞死経路の 洞察が得られます

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Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP — Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • アポトーシス つまり プログラムされた細胞死は 発達と組織ホメオスタシスにとって 根本的な生物学的プロセスです
  • アポトーシスの調節不全は,がんや神経変性疾患を含む様々な疾患に絡んでいる.

研究 の 目的:

  • アポプトティックな細胞死を引き起こす 分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • アポトーシスの調節を理解するための構造的基礎を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • X線結晶学や冷凍電子顕微鏡など 複雑な構造生物学技術を用いた
  • タンパク質とタンパク質の相互作用と酵素の運動を分析するために生化学的測定を行った.

主要な成果:

  • アポトーシスに関与する重要な調節タンパク質に関する詳細な構造的洞察
  • アポプトシス・カスケードを誘発する 重要な形状の変化を特定した
  • 細胞死へのコミットメントを制御する分子相互作用を特徴づけた.

結論:

  • この研究は,アポトーシスの誘導を制御する正確な構造的メカニズムを明らかにしています.
  • これらの調節経路の理解は,アポトーシスに関連した疾患の潜在的な治療目標を提供します.
  • 構造生物学は プログラムされた細胞死のような 複雑な細胞プロセスを解剖するための 強力なレンズを提供します