農作物の切り替えにより,中国の環境の持続可能性と農家の収入が向上する
Wei Xie1, Anfeng Zhu2, Tariq Ali3
1China Center for Agricultural Policy, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. xiewei.ccap@pku.edu.cn.
Nature
|March 17, 2023
まとめ
農業の持続可能性と 農家の収入を大幅に高めることができます 集中的な計画により,水の使用量,温室効果ガスの排出量,農薬/肥料の使用量を減らすことができます.
科学分野:
- 農業科学
- 環境科学
- 持続可能性研究
背景:
- 中国の作物生産は1990年以来倍増し 食糧システムの持続性を損ねています
- 効率化と環境への影響を減らすための介入は継続中です.
- 持続可能な作物システムのための作物交換の可能性と調整された行動の必要性は不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 中国における作物生産の持続可能性の現状を定量化する.
- 農作物を切り替えることで より持続可能な農作物システムを 実現できるかどうかを評価する.
- 持続可能な成果のトレードオフを避けるために調整された行動が必要かどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 収穫量,収穫面積,環境足跡,農家の収入に関する高解像度データを使用しました.
- 異なる調整シナリオの下で作物を再分配するための空間最適化を行いました.
- 農作物のシロ化と中央的に調整されたアプローチの評価結果
主要な成果:
- 単調な作物交換のアプローチは 個々の利益をもたらしますが 規模や地域間のトレードオフを生み出します
- 青い水 (−4.5%から-18.5%),緑の水 (−4.4%から−9.5%),温室効果ガス (−1.7%から−7.7%),肥料 (−5.2%から−10.9%) と殺虫剤 (−4.3%から−10.8%) が減少した.
- 農家の収入は中央調整で+2.9%から+7.5%増加した.
結論:
- 中央的に調整された作物の切り替えは,2030年の中国の農業の持続可能な開発目標に大きく貢献しています.
- このアプローチにより,地球規模の資源が大幅に節約できます.
- 統合された作物の切り替え戦略は,多次元的な持続可能性の付随的な利益のための標的の介入を促すことができます.
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