海洋 温暖化 の 10 年 に わたる 浅い 珊瑚 礁 の 減少
Graham J Edgar1,2, Rick D Stuart-Smith3,4, Freddie J Heather3
1Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. g.edgar@utas.edu.au.
Nature
|March 23, 2023
まとめ
特に温帯地域では 熱波に伴い 海洋生物の個体数は減少しています 絶滅危惧種と生態系にとって 緊急の保全と拡大した監視が不可欠です
科学分野:
- 海洋生態学
- 保護生物学
- 人口動態
背景:
- 人間社会は自然生態系に依存していますが 系統的な種集団の監視がなければ その安定性は不確実です
- 海洋生物の変動の理解は特に欠けている.
- 珊瑚礁の生態系は 気候変動やその他の 人為的な圧力から 脅威が増大しています
研究 の 目的:
- オーストラリア全土の 浅瀬のサンゴ礁の 数多くの種を 10年以上に渡って 評価する
- 熱波のような環境要因に関連した人口変化のパターンを特定する.
- 脆弱な海洋生物の絶滅リスクを評価する.
主な方法:
- 浅瀬のサンゴ礁の 1,057 種の集団動向を分析した.
- 過去10年間,オーストラリアの1,636の場所から収集されたデータです.
- 地元の水温と熱波の相関関係
主要な成果:
- 熱帯魚,温帯無脊椎動物 (イチノダーム),マクロ藻類など,研究された集団のほとんどは減少した.
- サンゴの個体数は比較的安定していました
- 水温は2008年の水準より0.5°C高い.
- 温帯域の辺りに減少し 寒帯域の辺りに増加した.
- 浅い無脊椎動物の30%以上は 寒い緯度で 絶滅の危険にさらされています 温暖化が進む海域と 極地への移住の障壁が原因です
結論:
- 温帯海域の生態系は不釣り合いに脅かされており 保護の努力を要しています
- 環境の変化への適応には 種集団の動向を拡大した監視が不可欠です
- 海洋生物多様性と生態系サービスの保護には緊急の措置が必要である.
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