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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.3K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.3K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.7K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.7K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

290
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
290
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.9K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.9K
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

27.3K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
 
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
27.3K

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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低圧振動プロセスにおける高可用水素容量の多変性フレームワーク

Arijit Halder1, Ryan A Klein2,3, Sarah Shulda2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

柔軟な金属-有機フレームワークは,効率的な水素貯蔵のためのステップ型のガス吸着を示します. 新しい多変量アプローチにより,圧力の要求が低くなり,水素燃料の実用的な供給が可能になります.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 化学について
  • 化学工学

背景:

  • 柔軟な金属有機フレームワーク (MOF) は,ガスの貯蔵と供給に理想的なステップ型の吸附-脱吸収を提供します.
  • 水素 (H$_{2}$) の貯蔵のための現在のMOFは,弱い物理吸収のために高圧または大きな温度変動を必要とする.
  • 新しい柔軟なMOFを設計することは困難ですが,既存のフレームワークを適応させることがより実行可能な戦略です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 柔軟なMOFの相変化行動を調節するための多変量リンクアプローチを実証する.
  • CdIF-13のフレームワークを,水素アドソルプション-デソルプション性能の改善に適応する.
  • H$_{2}$のような弱い物理吸収ガスの効率的な貯蔵と配送を可能にします.

主な方法:

  • CdIF-13の枠組に,2-メチル-5,6-ジフローロベンジミダゾラートを溶熱的に組み込む.
  • 多変量フレームワークの作成:ソド-Cd (ベンジミダゾラート) $_{1.87}${2-メチル-5,6-ジフローロベンジミダゾラート) $_{0.13}$ (比率 14:1).
  • 77 K と 87 K の H$_{}$ 吸収-脱吸収同熱体の測定

主要な成果:

  • 多変量MOFは,ベースフレームと比較して,段階的な吸着値圧力が低下した.
  • 77 Kでは,H$_{2}$飽和度は50 bar以下で,最小の脱吸収ヒステレスが5 barで発生した.
  • 87 Kで,飽和度は90 barに達し,ヒステレシスは30 barで閉じられ,使用可能な容量は> 1 質量%であった.

結論:

  • 多変量リンク器のアプローチは,MOFの柔軟性と吸収行動を調節するのに有効です.
  • 修正されたCdIF-13フレームワークは,温和な条件下で効率的な貯蔵と配送を証明しています.
  • この戦略は,ガスの貯蔵における実用的なアプリケーションのために既存の柔軟なMOFの適応を容易にする.