ミルスウイルスはヘルペスウイルスを巨大ウイルスと結びつける

Morgan Gaïa^1,2, Lingjie Meng³, Eric Pelletier^1,2

¹Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.

Nature

|April 19, 2023

まとめ

科学者たちは海のウイルスの新しいグループであるミルスウィリコタを発見しましたこれはヘルペスウイルスに関連していますが独特の遺伝子を持っていますこれらの豊富なウイルスは,海洋生態系と真核ウイルスの進化において重要な役割を果たします.

科学分野:

ウイルス学
海洋生物学
進化生物学

背景:

DNAウイルスは細胞生物の生態系と進化に大きく影響する.
DNAウイルスの多様性と進化の経路は完全に理解されていません.

研究の目的:

海洋環境におけるDNAウイルスの多様性と進化史を調査する.
新しいウイルス群とその生態学的役割を特徴づける.

主な方法:

太陽光で照らされた海域の遺伝子解析によるメタゲノム調査
ウイルスのゲノムを分析し,進化的関係と遺伝子内容を決定する.

主要な成果:

ヘルペスウイルスに関連するプランクトンを感染させるウイルスの新しい属であるミルスウィリコータの発見.
ミルスウイルコタはキメア基因を含有しており,ヘルペスウイルスと巨大エウカリオットウイルスの両方に関連しています.
100以上の環境Mirusviricotaゲノムが特定され,そのうちのいくつかは非常に豊富で活発である.

結論:

ミルスウィリコータは海洋ウイルスの生態系において重要で以前は認識されていませんでした
これらのウイルスは,既知のウイルスの系統を橋渡しするユニークな進化的特性を有しています.
ミルスウィリコータは海洋生態系と真核生物のDNAウイルスの進化に重要な役割を果たしている可能性が高い.

さらに関連する動画

09:27

A Rapid Strategy for the Isolation of New Faustoviruses from Environmental Samples Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

Published on: June 4, 2016

7.7K

11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

8.6K

関連する概念動画

01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

01:29

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...

02:33

Retroviruses

12.6K

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

12.6K

00:57

Viral Recombination

23.6K

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

23.6K

00:56

Viral Structure

62.9K

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.

62.9K

01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

46.3K

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...