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関連する概念動画

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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抗体コード配列のメソスケールDNA特性は,体的ハイパーミューテーションを促進する.

Yanyan Wang1, Senxin Zhang2, Xinrui Yang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.

Cell
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

ソマティック・ハイパーミューテーション (SHM) は,活性化誘発型シチジンデアミナーゼ (AID) 酵素の近くのDNAの柔軟性による抗体遺伝子に焦点を当てています. この柔軟性は変異を誘導し,抗体の多様性を高め,リンパ腫の研究を支援します.

キーワード:
AID についてアフィニティの成熟補完性を決定する地域デアミナーゼソマティック・ハイパーミューテーション

さらに関連する動画

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
08:12

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • ソマティック・ハイパーミューテーション (SHM) は,抗体親和性の成熟に不可欠である.
  • 抗体補完性決定領域 (CDR) に SHM の正確な標的化は完全に理解されていません.
  • アクティベーション誘発型シチジンデアミナーゼ (AID) は,DNAをデアミナー化することによってSHMを開始します.

研究 の 目的:

  • AIDが誘発する抗体遺伝子の特異性を決定するメカニズムを解明する.
  • SHMを誘導するDNA配列と構造の役割を調査する.
  • 抗体発見とリンパ腫の病原性への影響を調べる

主な方法:

  • 異なるDNA基板を用いた in vitro 脱アミナーゼ測定法
  • AIDモチーフを取り巻くメソスケールDNA配列の特徴の分析
  • マウスモデルにおけるin vivo変異分析
  • SHMパターンの進化的保存分析

主要な成果:

  • DNA基板の柔軟性は,メソスケール配列によって決定され,AIDの結合と解毒を制御する.
  • ピリミジン-ピリミジン配列は,その充電された表面と相互作用することによって,AIDの活性を強化します.
  • CDRの超変異性は in vitroで模倣することができ,進化的に保存されます.
  • メソスケール配列の変更は in vivo 変異性を修正し,特定の領域での変異を促進します.

結論:

  • 抗体遺伝子の配列は,DNAの柔軟性によってAIDの変異を誘導する内在的な特性を有する.
  • メソスケール配列の性質は,SHMパターンを決定する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • 発見は抗体工学,人間化された動物モデル,リンパ腫の発達に関する洞察を提供します.