都市部の湿気による湿気リスクの上昇

Keer Zhang¹, Chang Cao^2,3, Haoran Chu^2,3

¹School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Nature

|April 26, 2023

まとめ

都市熱島 (UHI) と都市乾燥島 (UDI) は都市気温に影響を与えます湿った気候の都市では,UHI効果により湿度が高く,危険な熱ストレスが増加します.

科学分野:

都市気候学
環境科学
人間の健康

背景:

都市熱島 (UHI) は都市を田舎より暖かくします
都市部の乾燥島 (UDI) は,都市部の湿度を下げて,潜在的に熱を軽減します.
湿気球温度 (T_w) で測定されるUHIとUDIのバランスは,都市熱ストレスにおいて極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

UHIとUDIが,世界中の都市部で湿気球温度 (T_w) にどのように影響するかを調査する.
都市における人間の熱ストレスに対する温度と湿度の変化の影響を決定する.

主な方法:

都市や田舎の気象ステーションのデータを分析する
都市気候モデルを使って計算する.
都市と田舎の異なる気候圏の湿気球温度 (T_w) の比較

主要な成果:

乾燥し,適度な湿気のある気候では,UDIがUHIを相殺するので,都市T_wが減少します.
湿った気候 (夏の降雨量 > 570 mm) では,都市T_wが増加する (0.17 ± 0.14 °C).
湿った気候で都市部のT_wが増加すると,夏に2〜6日間危険な熱ストレスが発生します.

結論:

T_wに対する都市気候の影響は,地域によって大きく異なります.
湿った気候は,特に地球温暖化の影響により,熱ストレスのリスクが増加します.
都市計画では,UHIとUDIを考慮して,脆弱な都市における熱ストレスを軽減する必要があります.

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