古石器時代 の ペンダント から 発見 さ れ た 古代 の 人間 の DNA
Elena Essel1, Elena I Zavala2,3,4, Ellen Schulz-Kornas5
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. elena_essel@eva.mpg.de.
Nature
|May 3, 2023
まとめ
古代の骨や歯からDNAを 抽出する新しい方法が開発されました この 技法 で プレイスト 紀 の ペンダント の 遺伝子 プロフィール を 特定 し た
科学分野:
- パレオゲネティクス
- 考古学
- 生物考古学
背景:
- プレイストセンの遺跡は 人間の行動に関する洞察を提供しますが 墓地ではめったに発見されず 個人の身元を特定することは困難です
- 特定の個体と人工物を結びつけるのは,形態学的または遺伝的分析のための関連骨格の残骸の希少性のために困難です.
研究 の 目的:
- 古代の骨や歯から DNAを抽出する 破壊的でない方法を開発する
- プレイストセンの物質文化と 遺伝情報を結びつける
主な方法:
- 骨と歯の骨董品の 徐々にDNAを放出する技術を開発した
- デニソワ洞窟の 古代鹿の歯のペンダントに この方法を適用した
- 古代の人と鹿のミトコンドリアと 核のDNAを回収した
主要な成果:
- 19,000〜25,000年前のペンダントから 古代人のゲノムと鹿のゲノムを取り出しました
- ペンダントの製造者/着用者は 古代北ユーラシアの遺伝的親和性を持つ女性だと確認した
- 古代北ユーラシアの人口の既知の地理的範囲を拡大した.
結論:
- この新しい方法は,古代の遺物に関連した個人の直接的な遺伝分析を可能にします.
- このアプローチは 史前考古学における 文化的記録と 遺伝学的記録の間のギャップを埋めています
- プレイストセンの個人的生活や社会的ネットワークに関する新しい洞察を 提供している.
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