液体-液体相分離は,本質的に乱れたタンパク質の動的性質を変更する

Serafima Guseva¹, Vincent Schnapka¹, Wiktor Adamski¹

¹Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|May 5, 2023

まとめ

柔軟な生物分子は液体-液体相分離を経て,膜のない臓器を形成する. この研究は,タンパク質のダイナミクスは,密度の高い段階で著しく減速し,細胞のプロセスに影響を与えることを明らかにしています.

科学分野:

生物化学
バイオ物理学
分子生物学

背景:

柔軟な生物分子の液体液相分離 (LLPS) によって膜のない臓器を形成する.
LLPSは,これらの臓器内の細胞プロセスを組織するのに不可欠です.

研究の目的:

原子解像度でのLLPSで本質的に乱れたタンパク質の動的性質を調査する.
膜のない臓器に係る薄和と密度のタンパク質の動態を比較する.

主な方法:

核磁共振 (NMR) スペクトロスコーピー,特に異なる磁場強度で15N NMR のリラックス.
自己混雑条件下での分子動力学 (MD) シミュレーション

主要な成果:

すべての検出可能な時間スケール (リブラーション,二面,セグメンタル) のタンパク質の動態は,密度相では著しく減速する.
ゆっくりとした鎖のような動きが密度の高い段階で支配的になりダイナミックなプロフィールが変化します
MDシミュレーションは,背骨のダイナミクスの減少と,分子間接触の増加と,混雑した環境での構成空間の減少と相関する.

結論:

LLPSはタンパク質のダイナミクスを大きく変えて動きを遅くし鎖のようなダイナミクスを好みます
これらのダイナミックな変化は, 膜のない臓器内の機能と組織にとって重要です.
この研究は,タンパク質の行動におけるLLPSによる変化に関する機械的洞察を提供します.

さらに関連する動画

09:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments

Published on: November 1, 2024

2.0K

08:52

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Published on: April 12, 2021

3.2K

関連する概念動画

02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

17.9K

Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...

17.9K

01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

4.4K

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

4.4K

01:26

Membrane Fluidity

11.3K

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...

11.3K

02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.1K

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...

7.1K

00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

3.1K

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...

3.1K

01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

12.1K

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...