肝硬変 と その 合併症 の 診断 と 治療: 概要
Elliot B Tapper1, Neehar D Parikh1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
JAMA
|May 9, 2023
まとめ
肝硬変は220万人のアメリカ人に 影響し 死亡率も上昇しています 筋肉痛や睡眠障害 性的機能不全などの一般的な症状には 効果的な治療法があり 深刻な合併症の治療法もあります
科学分野:
- ヘパトロジー
- 胃腸内科
- 内科 医学
背景:
- 肝硬変は約220万人の米国成人に影響し,2010年から2021年にかけて年齢調整による死亡率が著しく増加しています.
- 主な原因はアルコール使用障害 (45%),非アルコール性脂肪肝 (26%),C型肝炎 (41%) です.
- 一般的に経験される症状には,筋痛 (64%),睡眠不足 (63%), (39%) および性機能障害 (53%) が含まれる.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国における肝硬変の流行,原因,症状,現在の治療戦略をレビューする.
- 非侵襲的なエラストグラフィーを含む診断方法と肝硬変の合併症に関連する予後を強調する.
- 肝硬変とその関連疾患の管理のための証拠に基づいた治療法を要約します.
主な方法:
- 肝硬変の流行,病因,症状,診断,治療結果に関する研究の文献レビュー.
- 様々な薬学的介入の有効性を評価する臨床試験のデータとメタ解析の分析
- エラストグラフィーや合併症の予後指標などの非侵襲的な診断ツールに関するデータを含める.
主要な成果:
- 非選択的β阻害剤 (カルベディロール,プロプラノロール) は,ポータル高血圧の解消/死亡リスクを低下させた.
- 併用の利尿剤 (アルドステロン抗剤とループ利尿剤) は,順次開始と比較して,アシテスの解消を改善しました.
- 乳糖は死亡率と再発性肝臓脳症を低下させ,テルリプレシンは肝臓腎症候群の逆転を改善した.
結論:
- 既定の第一線療法では,肝硬化症の主要な合併症を効果的に管理しています. ベータブロッカーは水性出血,乳糖は肝臓脳病,利尿剤は炎,そしてテルリプレシンは肝炎症候群です.
- 筋痛,睡眠障害,性機能障害の症状治療法があり,患者の生活の質を向上させています.
- これらの治療の継続的な研究と臨床適用は,米国の大規模で増加する肝硬変患者集団における治療結果の改善に不可欠です.
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