アフリカにおける宗教と教育の流動性
Alberto Alesina1, Sebastian Hohmann2, Stelios Michalopoulos3
1Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|May 17, 2023
まとめ
植民地化後のアフリカにおける 教育の進歩は イスラム教徒や伝統主義者に比べて 世代間の流動性が優れていることを示しています この格差は 似たような地区や社会経済的な背景の中にも存在し 教育レベルにおける宗教的格差を強調しています
科学分野:
- 社会経済研究
- アフリカの発展
- 教育政策
背景:
- 教育は アフリカの発展と解放の 触媒として広く認識されています
- 国際機関やアフリカの指導者は 学校教育が大きな利益をもたらすという見解を共有しています
- 植民地時代以降のアフリカでは キリスト教徒とムスリムが多く住んでおり 教育の公平性を検討する必要がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 植民地化後のアフリカにおける 様々な宗教集団の 教育の進歩を調査する
- 世代間の教育的な流動性に関する宗教特有の対策を策定し,分析する.
- 宗教コミュニティの教育格差に寄与する要因を特定し理解する.
主な方法:
- アフリカの21カ国の2,286の地区からの包括的な国勢調査データを活用した.
- 教育における世代間のモビリティのための宗教特有の指標を開発した.
- キリスト教,イスラム教,伝統主義者の間の移動の成果を比較し,社会経済的要因と地理的な位置を制御する.
主要な成果:
- キリスト教徒は伝統主義者やムスリムよりも 教育の流動性に関する成果を 顕著に示しています
- 同じ地区の似たような背景の人を比較しても 移動性の差は残ります
- イスラム教徒は 移動率が高い地域に移住する傾向が低く 都市化が弱く 偏遠な地域に住むことで 教育の不足が悪化する傾向があります
結論:
- 植民地化後のアフリカでは,教育レベルと世代間の流動性において重大な宗教的な不平等が存在します.
- キリスト教徒とイスラム教徒の教育格差は,特にイスラム教徒の移民が少ない宗教的に隔離された地域で顕著です.
- 教育政策の策定と学校での成績の評価において 宗教的差異を考慮する必要性を強調しています
関連する概念動画
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
50.1K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
50.1K
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
92
Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
92
Applications of Life Tables
95
Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
95
Migration
8.0K
Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
8.0K
Robbers Cave
14.3K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
14.3K
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI
53
Adopting a healthier lifestyle often requires overcoming significant challenges, but leveraging psychological, social, and cultural resources can facilitate meaningful change. Effective self-change hinges on understanding and applying key tools such as motivation and goal setting, which help sustain efforts toward long-term health benefits.
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
53


