エルニーニョが世界の経済成長に及ぼす影響
Christopher W Callahan1,2, Justin S Mankin1,2,3,4
1Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
まとめ
エルニーニョ・サザン・オシレーション (ENSO) は 経済成長を絶え間なく阻害し 世界規模で数兆ドルの収入損失を 引き起こしています 将来の気候変動はENSOを悪化させ 21世紀の経済に重大なダメージを与える可能性があります
科学分野:
- 気候科学
- 環境経済学
- 世界的社会経済的影響
背景:
- エルニーニョ・サザン・オシレーション (ENSO) は,世界の極端な天候と社会経済的影響の主要な原動力です.
- 経済回復のパターンと,人為的な気候変動がENSOの経済的影響に及ぼす影響は,依然としてほとんど不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- ENSOイベントが国レベルでの経済成長に及ぼす経済的影響を定量化する.
- 将来の経済損失を予測する
- 気候の変動と人為的なENSO増強に対する経済の感受性を評価する.
主な方法:
- ENSOの歴史的出来事とその国民経済への影響のエコノメトリック分析
- 将来の気候変動と排出シナリオの経済モデル化
- ENSOのイベントシーケンスとその経済的結果のストキャスティック分析
主要な成果:
- エルニーニョ現象は国レベルでの経済成長に持続的な悪影響を及ぼしています.
- 1982 年 - 83 年 と 1997 年 - 98 年 の エルニーニョ 現象 は,それぞれ 4.1 兆 ドル と 5.7 兆 ドル の 世界 収入 損失 を 引き起こし まし た.
- 強化されたENSOによる21世紀の経済損失は,現在の緩和約束の下で84兆ドルに達し,イベントシーケンス変動の影響を受けます.
結論:
- 世界経済は長期の温暖化傾向とは無関係に 気候の変動に非常に敏感です
- 人為的なENSOの増幅は,将来の世界的な経済的損失の重大な脅威をもたらします.
- 気候変動の理解と緩和は 極端な天候現象による重大な経済的被害を回避するために不可欠です
さらに関連する動画
05:58Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations
Published on: July 21, 2023
2.1K
05:04Author Spotlight: Understanding Riverine Nitrogen Impacts and Primary Productivity for Effective Nutrient Management
Published on: July 14, 2023
437
関連する概念動画
Global Climate Change
24.6K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.6K
Econometric Views (EViews)
188
Econometric Views, often stylized as EViews, is a package that merges statistical analysis with econometric studies. It is designed to provide tools for time series analysis, forecasting, and econometric model simulation. The software originated from MicroTSP software and has evolved significantly since its inception in 1981. The history of EViews is marked by a continuous effort to enhance its computational speed and user interface. It was initially developed for large computing systems but...
188
What is Climate?
18.7K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.7K
Effects of Creep
195
Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
195
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)
758
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
758
Dynamic Equilibrium
52.1K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
52.1K
