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関連する概念動画

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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SWI/SNFサブユニットによるミトスのブックマーク

Zhexin Zhu1, Xiaolong Chen2, Ao Guo3

  • 1Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. zhexin.zhu@stjude.org.

Nature
|May 24, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

細胞のアイデンティティは ミトスの記憶に依存しています 哺乳類のSWI/SNF複合体,特にSMARCE1は,細胞分裂中の正しい遺伝子発現と細胞運命を保証する重要なミトーシスブックマークとして機能する.

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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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科学分野:

  • エピジェネティクス
  • 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 細胞の分化には,ミトーシスによる状態情報の伝達が必要である.
  • 哺乳類のSWI/SNF複合体は,クロマチンの改造によって細胞のアイデンティティを調節する.
  • ミトーシス中の細胞運命記憶におけるSWI/SNFの役割は,以前は不明でした.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞分裂中の細胞同一性の維持における SWI/SNF複合体の役割を調査する.
  • SWI/SNFのサブユニットがミトスのブックマークとして機能するかどうかを判断する.
  • SWI/SNFがミトーシス中の細胞運命を保護するメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • ミトーシス中のSWI/SNFサブユニット局所化 (SMARCE1,SMARCB1) の分析.
  • マウスの胚性幹細胞におけるSMARCE1の剥離後の遺伝子発現分析
  • 既定のブックマーク占有率とニューラル差異の評価

主要な成果:

  • SWI / SNFのコアサブユニットであるSMARCE1とSMARCB1は,ミトーシス中に増強剤ではなくプロモーターと結合する.
  • このプロモーター結合は,ミトーシスの後の遺伝子再活性化に不可欠です.
  • ミトーシス中のSMARCE1の消去は遺伝子発現を妨害し,異常な神経分化につながります.

結論:

  • SWI/SNFサブユニットSMARCE1はミトスのブックマークとして機能する.
  • SMARCE1は,細胞分裂中に遺伝性表遺伝的忠誠性を維持するために重要である.
  • このメカニズムは正確な細胞運命を決定し,転写を再プログラムすることを保証します.