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関連する概念動画

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

6.5K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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ヒストンの改変は,先駆的な転写因子の協力性を調節する.

Kalyan K Sinha1, Silvija Bilokapic1, Yongming Du1

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Nature
|May 24, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

OCT4やSOX2のような 先駆的な転写因子は 圧縮されたDNAにアクセスするために協力します この研究は,OCT4結合が核細胞構造を変化させ,協同結合を可能にし,細胞プログラミングのためのクロマチンの分解を促進することを明らかにしています.

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
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Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
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Published on: April 21, 2023

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクス
  • 構造生物学

背景:

  • パイオニア転写因子 (PTF) は,圧縮されたクロマチンにアクセスできます.
  • OCT4とSOX2の協力は,多能性と再プログラムに不可欠です.
  • PTFの機能とクロマチンとの協力のメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • パイオニアの転写因子OCT4の機能とクロマチンにおける協力の分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • OCT4による核細胞再構成と転写因子結合の構造的基礎を決定する.

主な方法:

  • クリオ電子顕微鏡 (cryo-EM) で,核細胞に結合したOCT4の構造を決定する.
  • 核細胞構造の変化と転写因子結合を評価する生化学的測定法
  • ヒストンの尾の相互作用と翻訳後の改変の分析

主要な成果:

  • OCT4の結合は,核細胞構造の変化とDNAの再配置を誘導し,OCT4とSOX2の協力結合を容易にする.
  • OCT4の活性化ドメインはヒストンH4のN端尾と相互作用し,クロマチンの分解を促進する.
  • OCT4のDNA結合ドメインはヒストンH3のN端尾と相互作用し,H3K27の改変がDNAの位置づけと転写因子の協力性に影響する.

結論:

  • OCT4は,自身の結合とSOX2の結合を可能にするために,活性的に核細胞を再構成し,転写因子の協力を促進します.
  • OCT4とヒストンの尾 (H3とH4) の間の相互作用は,クロマチンの調節の鍵です.
  • H3K27のようなヒストンの改変により 細胞の精密なプログラム化のために OCT4の活性を調節できます