道徳的堕落という幻想
Adam M Mastroianni1, Daniel T Gilbert2
1Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. adam.m.mastroianni@gmail.com.
Nature
|June 7, 2023
まとめ
道徳 が 衰え て いる と いう 広く 信じ られ て いる こと は 幻想 です. 情報の露出や記憶における 心理的なバイアスは 客観的な道徳的基準が 時間の経過とともに安定しているにも関わらず この認識を生み出します
科学分野:
- 社会心理学
- 社会学
- 道徳 心理学
背景:
- 逸話的な証拠と公衆の認識は 世界的な道徳の衰退を示唆しています
- この信念は,少なくとも70年間,多くの国々で続いている.
- 認知された道徳的衰退の理由には 個人の老化と世代交代が含まれます
研究 の 目的:
- 世界の道徳が衰えつつあるという 普遍的な信念を調査するためです
- 道徳的衰退の認識が 経験的に支持されているか 幻想的であるかを判断する
- 道徳的衰退の錯覚の背後にある 心理的メカニズムを特定する
主な方法:
- 60カ国の1200万人以上の個人から 収集されたアーカイブとオリジナルのデータを分析しました
- 道徳に関する歴史的および現代的な報告の比較分析.
- 道徳に関する情報曝露と記憶を操作する実験的研究.
主要な成果:
- 道徳 の 堕落 に 関する 認識 は,広く 広まっ て,永続 し て,根拠 の ない もの です.
- 客観的な測定は 時代とともに 同時代の人々の道徳の低下を示さない.
- 偏った情報曝露や記憶を含む 心理的な偏見は 道徳的な衰退の錯覚を生み出します
結論:
- 道徳が衰えるという信念は 認知的な幻想であり 現実の反映ではありません
- この幻想を理解することは 資源の誤った配分と 社会的支援の赤字に対処するために 極めて重要です
- 幻覚は特定の条件下で弱体化,排除,または逆転することができます. 例えば,既知の個人や歴史的時代に焦点を当てます.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
849
Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
849
Cognitive Dissonance
36.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
36.8K
Deindividuation
30.3K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
30.3K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.7K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.7K
Unrealistic Optimism Bias
214
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
214
Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions
125
Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
125


