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関連する概念動画

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.5K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.5K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

19.9K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
19.9K
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

657
The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
657
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

70.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
70.0K
States of Water01:23

States of Water

56.1K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
56.1K
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

822
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
822

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
05:58

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

Published on: June 12, 2018

6.9K

水分化固体

Steven G Harrellson1, Michael S DeLay2, Xi Chen2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Nature
|June 7, 2023
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

生物学的な物質

さらに関連する動画

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.1K
Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures
09:50

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Published on: June 28, 2017

9.1K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
05:58

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

Published on: June 12, 2018

6.9K
High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

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Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures
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Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Published on: June 28, 2017

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科学分野:

  • バイオ物理学
  • 材料科学
  • 微生物学

背景:

  • 植物,真菌,バクテリアに見られるヒグロスコプ的生物物質は,地球のバイオマスの大部分を構成しています.
  • これらの材料は 代謝的に無力ですが 水に反応し 動きに影響を与え 技術的な応用を促します
  • 異なる組成にもかかわらず,これらの材料は相対湿度の変化に類似した機械的反応を共有しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • バクテリアの菌糸体とメカニズムを研究する
  • 生物学的物質の水に反応する機械的性質を説明する理論的枠組みを開発する.
  • マクロスコープの性質を制御する水分力の役割を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 原子力顕微鏡 (AFM) を使用して,細菌胞子の機械的性質を測定した.
  • 観察された行動を説明するために,水分化の力に基づいて理論的モデルが開発されました.
  • 実験データと均衡状態と非均衡状態の理論的予測を比較した.

主要な成果:

  • 原子力顕微鏡では 細菌の胞子が 独特の機械的振る舞いを 明らかにしました
  • 液化力に基づいた理論は,非線形弾性および機械的移行を正確に予測しました.
  • 胞子内の水輸送の極端な減速が観察され,理論によって説明されました.
  • この研究では,異常な性質を持つ独特の"水分固体"を特定した.

結論:

  • 生物学的物質の顕微鏡の性質を制御する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • バクテリアの胞子は水と相互作用する独特の機械的性質を持ち,ガラスのような物質やポロ弾性物質とは異なる.
  • 地球のバイオマスの大部分は"水分固体"として分類され,その行動を理解するために新しいモデルが必要である.