専用 マクロファージ は 腸 の 神経 システム を 組織 し,維持 する
Maria Francesca Viola1, Marta Chavero-Pieres1, Elodie Modave1
1Laboratory for Intestinal Neuro-Immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Nature
|June 14, 2023
まとめ
定住筋外マクロファージ (MMφ) は,シナプスを切断し,ニューロンをクリアすることによって,発達中の腸内神経系 (ENS) を精製するために不可欠です. この相互作用は 大人の腸の機能に不可欠です
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 免疫学
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- 腸内神経系 (ENS) は 腸の機能に不可欠ですが 生まれながらにして 未成熟です
- 産後発達には 大人の生理学的役割のために 腸内神経の重要な精錬が必要です
研究 の 目的:
- ENS の発達と維持における 筋肉外マクロファージ (MMφ) の役割を調査する.
- MMφ と ENS の間の相互通信を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 離乳前のマクロファージの枯渇実験
- 腸内経路と腸内ニューロン集団の分析
- 成長因子βシグナル伝達経路の変換に関する研究.
主要な成果:
- 幼少期に腸内ニューロンを切断し ENSを精製する.
- MMφが枯渇すると,腸内経路が異常になる.
- 離乳後のMMφは,ENSから派生したTGF-βの影響を受け,神経補助的な役割を果たします.
- ENS-TGF-βシグナル伝達の障害はMMφフェノタイプを変化させ,腸内ニューロン損失につながる.
結論:
- レジデントMMφは,ENSの発達と維持において二重の役割を果たし,その機能は時間とともに適応する.
- ENSとMMφの間には,腸内ホメオスタシスに不可欠な相互通信軸が存在する.
- ENS は 脳 と 同じ よう に 特殊 な マクロファージ に よっ て 形成 さ れ,維持 さ れ て い ます.
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