アストロサイト Slc22a3 の誘導はヒストンのセロトニル化によって感覚処理を調節する
Debosmita Sardar1,2, Yi-Ting Cheng1,2,3, Junsung Woo1,2
1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
まとめ
神経細胞の活動が 感覚処理に影響を及ぼします 嗅覚機能に不可欠なセロトニンとGABAの放出を制御する.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 分子生物学
- エピジェネティクス
背景:
- ニューロンの活動はニューロン内の遺伝子発現に影響しますが,隣接するアストロサイトへの影響は不明です.
- 脳の回路の機能や 感覚処理を理解するには 星細胞の反応を理解することが重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 神経細胞の活動が,アストロサイトにおける転写および表遺伝子学的変化をどのように誘導するかを調査する.
- 神経細胞活動によって調節されるアストロサイト特有の遺伝子を特定し,感覚処理におけるその役割.
- アストロサイトが神経調節インプットを処理するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- ニューロンの活動に伴うアストロサイトにおける遺伝子発現の変化の分析.
- Slc22a3を含む活動誘導性アストロサイト遺伝子の特定と特徴づけ
- 神経調節器輸送,セロトニンレベル,ヒストンセロトニル化におけるアストロサイトス Slc22a3 の役割の調査.
- GABAergicシグナル伝達と嗅覚機能に対する変化したヒストンのセロトニル化の影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- ニューロンの活動により,アストロサイトに広範囲にわたる転写変化が生じます.
- Slc22a3は,嗅覚球の感覚処理を調節する活動誘導性アストロサイト遺伝子として特定されました.
- アストロサイトス Slc22a3の減少はセロトニン濃度とヒストンのセロトニル化を変化させ,GABAの合成と放出に影響した.
- アストロサイトにおけるヒストン・セロトニレーションの抑制は,嗅覚の欠陥を引き起こした.
結論:
- ニューロンの活動は,アストロシトの転写と表遺伝子反応を指揮する.
- アストロサイトはヒストンのセロトニル化のようなメカニズムで神経調節の入力処理を行います.
- 神経伝達物質の放出によって 感覚処理に影響を与えます
さらに関連する動画
11:19Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 Kir4.1
Published on: September 26, 2015
8.0K
08:27Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
Published on: March 11, 2020
6.3K
関連する概念動画
Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
Ligand Binding and Linkage
Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked. In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
Allosteric Proteins-ATCase
Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function. For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway,...
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway,...
GPCR Desensitization
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
