鬱病と自殺リスクスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの最新証拠報告と体系的レビュー
Elizabeth A O'Connor1, Leslie A Perdue1, Erin L Coppola1
1Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon.
JAMA
|June 20, 2023
まとめ
鬱病のスクリーニングは 正確なツールの利用により 治療結果を改善します しかし,プライマリケアにおける自殺リスクスクリーニングの介入に関する証拠は不足しており,重要な研究ギャップを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 主要治療薬
- 精神 保健 検診
- 証拠 に 基づく 実践
背景:
- 鬱病は公衆衛生に重大な負担を及ぼす 蔓延している病気です
- 自殺率は上昇しており, 効果的なスクリーニングと介入戦略を 初等医療施設で必要としています.
研究 の 目的:
- プライマリケアにおけるうつ病と自殺リスクのスクリーニングと治療の有効性と安全性を評価する.
- 診断器具の精度を評価する
主な方法:
- ランダム化臨床試験,観察研究,体系的なレビューを含む英語研究の体系的レビュー.
- データの合成には,質的分析とメタ分析が含まれており,その証拠が十分であった.
- MEDLINE,PsychINFO,Cochrane Libraryを2022年9月まで検索し 継続的に監視しています
主要な成果:
- うつ病のスクリーニング介入は,うつ病の罹患率の低下と関連していた (OR,0. 60).
- いくつかの器具は,うつ病のスクリーニングに十分な精度を示した (例えば,PHQ-9感度0.85,特異性0.85).
- 鬱病に対する心理学的および薬学的治療は有益であるが,第2世代の抗うつ薬は自殺未遂のリスクをわずかに増加させた (0.7%対0.3%).
- 自殺リスクスクリーニングの介入は,通常のケアと比較して改善された結果を示さなかった.
結論:
- 妊娠中および産後を含むプライマリケアでは,うつ病のスクリーニングがサポートされています.
- プライマリケアでの自殺リスクスクリーニングには 重要な証拠の欠陥がある.
- 効果的な自殺リスクスクリーニングツールと プライマリケアのための介入策を開発し 検証するにはさらなる研究が必要です
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