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関連する概念動画

Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

48
Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
48
Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.7K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

6.5K
6.5K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.6K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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RNA翻訳のマッピング

Rong Fan1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

新しい方法は,細胞や組織内の何千もの翻訳RNAの位置を正確にマッピングします. この発見により 遺伝子発現と細胞機能の 理解が深まりました

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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 細胞生物学
  • ゲノミクス

背景:

  • 翻訳RNA (トランスクリプト) はタンパク質合成に不可欠です.
  • 翻訳RNAの空間的分布を理解することで,細胞の機能と調節に関する洞察が得られます.
  • 現在の方法は,何千もの翻訳RNAの位置を同時にマッピングする上で制限があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 翻訳RNAの局所化の高通量マッピングのための新しい方法を開発し,検証する.
  • 様々な細胞および組織の文脈で翻訳RNAの分布を視覚化することを可能にします.

主な方法:

  • インサイトハイブリッド化とイメージングのための新しい技術の開発.
  • 単細胞および組織レベルの分析のためのプロトコルの最適化.
  • データを処理するために高度な顕微鏡と計算分析を使用します.

主要な成果:

  • 翻訳RNA分子の位置を マッピングしました
  • 細胞の種類や組織のサンプルで有効性を証明した.
  • 様々なトランスレッティングRNAの 異なる局所化パターンを特定した.

結論:

  • この新しい方法は,RNAの局所化を研究するための前例のない解像度を提供します.
  • この技術は遺伝子発現,細胞生物学,病気のメカニズムの研究を進めます.
  • 将来の分子生物学と空間生物学の研究に強力なツールを提供します.