このページは機械翻訳されています。他のページは英語で表示される場合があります。 View in English

自然塩素を含む酸性海水でエチレンを2-クロロエタノールに酸化する

  • 0School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

関連する概念動画

Electrolysis 03:00

26.8K

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides 01:18

7.0K

Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.

An alternative reagent for converting a carboxylic acid to an acid chloride is phosphorus pentachloride. The mechanism involves the attack by a carboxylic acid at the phosphorus center of PCl5 while eliminating a chloride ion....

Dehydration of Aldols to Enones: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation 00:43

2.3K

As shown in Figure 1, under acidic conditions, the β-hydroxy ketone undergoes dehydration via an E1 elimination reaction to form an enone.

Figure 1. The dehydration reaction of a β-hydroxy ketone.
Figure 2 depicts the sequential processes involved in the mechanism of the reaction. Here, the acid protonates the hydroxyl group in the β-hydroxy ketone to form a hydrated hydroxyl group, which then departs to form a tertiary carbocation intermediate. Subsequently, the loss of the hydrogen atom...

E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism 02:45

10.4K

SN2 substitutions and E2 eliminations of alkyl halides proceed via a concerted pathway. While the nucleophile attacks the alpha carbon in SN2 reactions, it functions as a strong base and abstracts a beta hydrogen in the E2 mechanism. The rate-limiting transition state in E2 elimination reactions is characterized by partially broken carbon–hydrogen and carbon–halogen bonds and a partially formed pi bond between the alpha and beta carbons. The beta hydrogen and halide are eliminated...

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis 01:12

3.0K

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:

First, the alcohol acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
Next, the carbonyl re-forms with the loss of a chloride ion.
Lastly, the positively charged intermediate loses a proton to give an ester as the final product along with H3O+, making HCl an...

Electrodeposition 01:08

677

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...