世界 の 珊瑚 礁 の プラスチック 汚染
Hudson T Pinheiro1,2, Chancey MacDonald3,4, Robson G Santos5
1Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA. htpinheiro@gmail.com.
Nature
|July 12, 2023
まとめ
プラスチック汚染は 世界中でサンゴ礁の脅威を拡大しています ある調査によると 漁具が主な原因で 調査したサンゴ礁のほとんどは 大規模なプラスチックでできています
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学
- 環境科学
- 海洋学
背景:
- サンゴ礁は 気候変動と過剰漁獲によって 深刻な脅威にさらされています
- プラスチック汚染は新たな危険となり 珊瑚礁の食物網や 病気の伝染や 生物の健康に影響を及ぼしています
- 珊瑚礁のプラスチック汚染の 世界的な分布と量は 十分に理解されていません
研究 の 目的:
- 主要な海洋盆地におけるサンゴ礁における人為的なマクロデブリの分布と量を評価する.
- 珊瑚礁の生態系におけるプラスチック汚染の主な原因とパターンを特定する.
- プラスチック汚染対策のグローバル戦略を推進する.
主な方法:
- 太平洋,大西洋,インド洋の25か所で 84の浅と深いサンゴの生態系を調査した.
- 人為的なマクロデブリ (物体>5cm) の定量化のために1,231の切断を行った.
- 沈殿物の構成と分布パターンを分析し,深さに関する傾向も確認した.
主要な成果:
- 人為的な破片は 84の調査されたサンゴ礁のうち 77のサンゴ礁で発見され 偏遠で原始的な場所も含まれていました
- マクロプラスチックは検出された破片の88%を占めた.
- 破片,特にマクロプラスチックは,より深いメソフォティックゾーン (30-150m) でピークに達し,ほとんどの地域では漁業が主な源と特定されました.
結論:
- プラスチック汚染は 世界中のサンゴ礁に広がり 遠くまで広がっています
- 珊瑚礁のプラスチックの普及と深さの分布は 沿岸の環境とは異なり 独特の生態学的影響を強調しています
- 発見は,重要なサンゴ礁の生態系におけるプラスチック汚染を軽減するための効果的なグローバルな戦略の開発に不可欠なデータを提供します.
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