生物分子凝縮物における極端な動態
Nicola Galvanetto1,2, Miloš T Ivanović3, Aritra Chowdhury4
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. n.galvanetto@bioc.uzh.ch.
Nature
|July 19, 2023
まとめ
生物分子の凝縮物は 濃縮された相を形成しますが 中のタンパク質は 分子レベルで非常にダイナミックです この急速な内部運動は,凝縮物の高粘度にもかかわらず,効率的な反応を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- バイオ物理学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- タンパク質と核酸は相分離して 生物分子凝縮物を作ります
- 凝縮物は分子およびメソスコピックスケールで細胞プロセスを組織します.
- 分子レベルで凝縮物ダイナミクスを理解することは 極めて重要ですが 難しいことです
研究 の 目的:
- 分子スケールダイナミクスを相分離生物分子凝縮物の中で調査する.
- これらのシステムにおけるマクロスコピック粘度と分子移動性の関係を探求する.
- 濃縮されたタンパク質の段階における急速な分子再配置の背後にあるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 逆電荷の乱れたタンパク質の複合コアセルバットを研究した.
- ドロップレット測定に最適化された単分子スペクトロスコーピーを利用した.
- 全原子の分子動力学シミュレーションを行いました
主要な成果:
- 分相されたタンパク質凝縮物は水より1000倍濃度で300倍粘度があります.
- 単一分子スペクトロスコーピーは タンパク質の連鎖構成の微秒間間の相互変換を明らかにした.
- 分子ダイナミクスのシミュレーションにより 充電されたサイドチェーン相互作用の ピコからナノ秒の時間スケールでの交換が確認されました
結論:
- 濃縮物中の無秩序なタンパク質は,高マクロ粘度にもかかわらず,高分子運動性を維持する.
- 充電されたサイドチェーン間の短期間の相互作用は,迅速な局所的な再配置を促します.
- 効率的な分子規模の反応は,相隔離された生物分子システムの中で起こる.
関連する概念動画
02:39Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
17.7K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
17.7K
02:35Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules
52.0K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
52.0K
02:28Intermolecular Forces in Solutions
34.0K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
34.0K
03:13Intermolecular Forces
58.7K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.7K
01:23Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle
1.2K
When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
1.2K
02:18Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
17.9K
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
17.9K