キンバーライト火山は,裂け目によるクラトン基層の破壊によって発生する

Thomas M Gernon¹, Stephen M Jones², Sascha Brune^3,4

¹School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. T.M.Gernon@soton.ac.uk.

Nature

|July 26, 2023

まとめ

キンバーライトの噴火は大陸の分裂と裂け方に関連しています崖っぷちの石層-アステノスフィアの境界線がマントルを不安定化し,裂け目の発生から数百万年後に溶け込み,マグマが形成される.

科学分野:

地化学と石油学
構造学と地力学

背景:

キンバーライトは,地球のマントルの奥深くから発生する揮発性物質に富んだマグマです.
その噴火パターンは超大陸のサイクルと結びついているが駆動メカニズムについてはまだ議論が続いている
前述の仮説はマントルの羽根や石層の弱まりに関わっていました

研究の目的:

キンバーライトの岩石と大陸の分裂の関係を調べるため
キンバーライトの動員と噴火に起因する地力学的プロセスを解明する.

主な方法:

コンチネンタル・ブレイク・イベントに対するキンベルライト噴火年齢の分析.
リトスフィア-アステノスフィアの相互作用の動的および分析モデルの開発と応用.
解圧部分溶融プロセスのモデリング.

主要な成果:

大半のキンベルライトは大陸が分裂してから約3000万年後に噴出しました
裂け目が急な石層-アステノスフィアの境界を作り出し,長寿のアステノスフィアの不安定につながります.
これらの不安定性は,クラトンの石層の基礎を不安定化し,融解とキンバーライトの形成を引き起こします.

結論:

キンバーライトのエピソディシティは,裂け目と超大陸のサイクルと機械的に関連しています.
このプロセスは,アステノスフィアの物質によってクラトンの石層の基板の不安定化と置き換えを伴う.
これはキンバーライトの起源と時期を定量的に説明する.

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