磁場がドロソフィラの行動に影響する証拠はない
Marco Bassetto1,2, Thomas Reichl2, Dmitry Kobylkov2,3
1Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nature
|August 9, 2023
まとめ
この研究では,ドロソフィラの磁場感受性の証拠は見つかりませんでした. 研究者によると 夜間移動する歌う鳥は 鳥の磁気受容を理解するための 最良のモデルです
科学分野:
- バイオ物理学
- 動物 の 行動
- 神経倫理学
背景:
- 移動する歌う鳥は 地球の磁場を利用して 移動します これは光に依存するプロセスです
- 鳥類の磁気受容に関する主要な仮説は,暗号染色体を含むラジカルペアメカニズムである.
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターは磁場効果の研究のモデルとして用いられ,いくつかの研究で肯定的な結果が報告されている.
研究 の 目的:
- 磁場がドロソフィラに 影響を及ぼすか 厳密に調べるため
- ドロソフィラの磁気感受性に関する以前の主張を再評価する.
- 鳥の磁気受容を研究するために最も適したモデル生物を決定する.
主な方法:
- 97,658羽のハエに 磁場効果をテストした
- ネガティブ・ジオタクシー (自発的な脱出行動) を使って,10960匹のハエの磁気感受性を評価した.
- 条件を慎重に制御し,大きなサンプルサイズを使用した以前の研究を再現しました.
主要な成果:
- 制御された条件下では,磁気的に敏感な行動の統計的に有意な証拠は見つかりませんでした.
- 以前の研究の再分析は,統計的アプローチとサンプルサイズによる潜在的な偽陽性を示唆しています.
- この発見は ドロソフィラの磁気センサーの存在に 疑問を投げかけました
結論:
- この研究は,ドロソフィラの暗号化媒介による磁気感知の仮説を支持していません.
- ドロソフィラの前回の陽性結果は,実験上の誤りや統計上の誤りによるものかもしれない.
- 夜間移動する歌う鳥は,鳥の磁気受容のメカニズムを調査するための最も適切なモデルです.
関連する概念動画
01:28Magnetic Fields
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
01:27Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire
Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
01:26Diamagnetism
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
01:25Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
01:18Magnetic Force
In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...
01:17Magnetic Damping
Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...