背景の異なる難民に対するヨーロッパ人の支持は,時間とともに安定している
Kirk Bansak1,2,3, Jens Hainmueller2,3,4, Dominik Hangartner5,6,7
1Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|August 9, 2023
まとめ
難民に対する欧州の連帯は,繰り返される危機にもかかわらず,強くなっています. ウクライナ人を含む亡命希望者に対する公的支援は減少せず,国籍よりも個人の特徴によって影響を受けています.
科学分野:
- 社会科学
- 政治科学
- 社会学
背景:
- ヨーロッパは,特にシリア危機 (2015年) とウクライナでの戦争で,大きな難民危機に直面しています.
- 8百万人以上のウクライナ人が ヨーロッパに避難し,大きな人道的課題を提示しています.
- "連帯の疲労"と,様々な難民グループに対する差別的扱いに懸念がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 繰り返し発生する人道的危機が,難民に対する欧州の公的連帯に影響を及ぼすかどうかを調査する.
- ウクライナの亡命者が他の難民グループよりも優遇されているかどうかを判断する.
- 難民に対する人々の態度の 安定性と要因を分析する
主な方法:
- 15カ国の3万3000人の欧州市民を対象に 共同実験を繰り返しました
- シリア危機 (2015年−2016年) とウクライナ危機 (2022年) の2つの主要な難民危機で収集されたデータです.
- 避難民のプロフィールが異なる参加者を紹介することで 国民の好みを評価した.
主要な成果:
- 2つの危機の間,特定の属性に基づく 亡命希望者に対する国民の好みは安定したままでした.
- 難民申請者に対する 国民の支持は 徐々に増加した.
- ウクライナ人の亡命希望者は歓迎され,彼らの民族性だけでなく,人口,宗教,移住のプロフィールが重要な要素でした.
- ウクライナ人難民に対する支援は,イスラム教徒難民などの他の集団に対する支援を減少させなかった.
結論:
- 何度も繰り返された人道的危機は,亡命希望者に対する欧州の連帯を枯渇させなかった.
- 難民に対する世論の態度は 抵抗力があり 国籍だけではなく 個人の特徴によって 影響を受けます
- 難民危機に対する世論と政策の理論的理解に役立つ.
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