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Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes01:33

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes

3.8K
Aldehydes and ketones are prepared from alcohols, alkenes, and alkynes via different reaction pathways. Alcohols are the most commonly used substrates for synthesizing aldehydes and ketones. The conversion of alcohol to aldehyde, which involves the oxidation process, depends on the class of the alcohol used and the strength of the oxidizing agent. For instance, primary alcohol will form an aldehyde when treated with a weak oxidizing agent; however, it gets over-oxidized to a carboxylic acid in...
3.8K
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

18.3K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
18.3K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions02:15

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions

6.3K
Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
6.3K
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

19.9K
In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
19.9K
Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction01:17

Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction

3.0K
Carboxylic acids, upon reaction with strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride followed by hydrolysis, undergo reduction to form primary alcohols.
3.0K

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Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating
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ポリオレフィン廃棄物からアルデヒドとアルコールを生成する熱溶解油の水酸化

Houqian Li1, Jiayang Wu1, Zhen Jiang1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 10, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

アルデヒド,アルコール,酸,アミンのような 価値ある化学物質を作り出すことができます. この持続可能な経路は,石油ベースの生産と比較して ~60%の温室効果ガス排出量を大幅に削減します.

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Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Qualitative Characterization of the Aqueous Fraction from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Using 2D Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
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科学分野:

  • 化学工学
  • 持続可能な化学
  • カタリシス

背景:

  • プラスチックの廃棄物は 豊富な低価値の原料です
  • プラスチック廃棄物の熱分解により,オレフィンに富んだ油 (>50%重量) が得られます.
  • オレフィンのための従来の石油化学プロセスはエネルギー密集的です.

研究 の 目的:

  • プラスチックの熱分解油を 高価な酸素化化学物質に変換することを実証する.
  • 溶解油におけるオレフィン化合物の変換のための触媒経路を探求する.
  • この再生可能な化学物質の生産経路の環境的利益を評価する.

主な方法:

  • アルデヒドを生成するために,溶解油におけるオレフィンの水酸化.
  • 同型および異型触媒を用いたアルデヒドの後続的還元,酸化またはアミネーション.
  • 化学製品の分析と温室効果ガスの排出量削減の予測

主要な成果:

  • プラスチックの廃棄物からアルデヒドを生成した.
  • モノアルコールとダイアルコール,モノ酸と二酸化炭素,モノ酸とダイアミンの合成が実証された.
  • リサイクルされたポリエチレンから 有価な化学物質への 活力のある触媒経路を確立しました

結論:

  • プラスチック廃棄物の熱分解油は再生可能な化学合成のための有望な原料です.
  • 触媒変換は石油化学処理の 持続可能な代替手段です
  • このアプローチは,化学製品生産における温室効果ガス排出量を (約60%) 大幅に削減する可能性があります.