AHRリガンドの内皮感知は腸内ホメオスタシスを調節する
Benjamin G Wiggins1,2, Yi-Fang Wang3, Alice Burke4,3
1Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. bwiggins@ic.ac.uk.
Nature
|August 16, 2023
まとめ
アリル炭化水素受容体 (AHR) は,腸内の内皮細胞に栄養信号を感知するのに役立ちます. この感覚は血管の正常性を促進し 炎症や感染症から保護し 腸内ホメオスタシスを維持します
科学分野:
- 血管生物学
- 免疫学
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- 内皮細胞は血液やリンパ系に重要な障壁を形成し,栄養素の輸送と組織免疫を調節する.
- 腸はホメオスタシスのための食事と微生物の信号に依存しますが,これらのシグナルに対する内皮細胞の感知は十分に理解されていません.
- アリル炭化水素受容体 (AHR) は環境要因に反応することが知られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 食中の信号を感知する腸内皮細胞の役割を調査する.
- アリル炭化水素受容体 (AHR) が食中の代謝産物に対する内皮細胞の反応を媒介するかどうかを判断する.
- 腸内細胞におけるAHRシグナル伝達が腸内ホメオスタシスと免疫反応にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- マウスの小腸の単細胞内皮アトラスの生成.
- 単細胞解像度における内皮細胞におけるAHR媒介の転写応答の分析.
- 内皮細胞におけるAHR機能の調査は,内皮AHR欠乏症のマウスモデルとヒトの原始内皮細胞を用いて行われました.
主要な成果:
- AHRは,内皮細胞が食中の代謝物質を感知するための重要な媒介として作用します.
- AHRシグナリングは組織を保護するトランスクリプションシグネチャを促進し,内皮細胞の静止状態と血管の正常に導きます.
- ネズミの内皮AHR欠乏症は炎症的調節障害と増殖反応を引き起こした.
- 腸内 AHR リガンドの検出は腸内感染症に対する保護に不可欠です.
- 人間の内皮細胞では,AHRシグナルが炎症活性化を抑制し,静止状態を促した.
結論:
- 腸内AHRシグナリングは,腸内ホメオスタシスを維持するために食事のシグナルを統合します.
- AHRは内皮細胞の静止状態と血管の正常性を促進し,組織保護に不可欠です.
- AHRによる内皮細胞による環境感知は 腸の健康と免疫防御に不可欠です
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:22Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
01:12Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.1K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.1K
01:45Endocrine Signaling
64.5K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
64.5K
01:25Regulation of the Digestive System
685
Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
685
01:24Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
2.6K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.6K
01:28Inflammatory Response
2.1K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
2.1K