ウイルスのADP-リボシルトランスフェラーゼは,RNA鎖を宿主タンパク質に結合する

Maik Wolfram-Schauerte^1,2, Nadiia Pozhydaieva¹, Julia Grawenhoff²

¹Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.

Nature

|August 16, 2023

まとめ

バクテリオファージT4は,RNAをリボソームタンパク質に結合させ,宿主細胞機械に影響を与える新しいRNA化プロセスを用いる. この発見は,ウイルス感染戦略におけるNAD-RNAの新しい生物学的な役割を明らかにしています.

科学分野:

分子生物学
ウイルス学
生物化学

背景:

ウイルスはアデノシン・ディフォスファート (ADP) - リボシルトランスファーゼ (ART) のような酵素を用いて宿主細胞を再プログラムする.
ニコチナミドアデニンジヌクレオチド (NAD) は,既知のRNAの改変である.
バクテリオファージT4は宿主エシェリキア・コライを改変するためにARTを使用します.
ADPリボシライゼーションはウイルスの再プログラミングの重要なメカニズムです.

研究の目的:

T4ファグ ART ModBの基板特異性と機能を調査する.
ウイルス感染におけるNAD-caped RNA (NAD-RNA) の役割を解明する.
RNAylationのメカニズムとその生物学的意味を理解する.

主な方法:

NADとNAD-RNA基板を用いた酵素解析.
in vivoでRNA酸性タンパク質とRNA分子を特定する.
活性化されていないModBでT4ファグ変異体の分析

主要な成果:

T4 ART ModBはNADとNAD-RNAの両方を基質として受け入れる.
ModBは"RNAylation"反応を催し,RNAをタンパク質に結合する.
リボソームのタンパク質rS1とrL2は,アルギニン残基で特異的にRNAylateされる.
特定のE. coliとT4RNAは vivoでrS1と関連している.
不活性なModB変異体は,ファグ爆発のサイズを小さく,宿主解離を遅らせます.

結論:

NAD-RNAはタンパク質への酵素移転の活性化基質として作用する.
RNAylationは,細菌菌T4が宿主翻訳を調節するための新しいメカニズムです.
この研究は,RNAの改変と翻訳後のタンパク質の改変の間の直接的なリンクを明らかにしています.
ARTの広範な役割により,RNAylationはウイルス感染を超えて潜在的影響があります.

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