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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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分子複合による高性能リチウム硫黄電池

Peiyu Wang1, Nikolaos Kateris2, Baiheng Li1

  • 1Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 17, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

研究者はリチウムチオホスファート複合体を用いて新しい液体硫黄カソッドを開発しました. この技術革新により リチウム硫黄電池の安定性と性能が 幅広い温度範囲で向上し 重要な限界を克服しました

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科学分野:

  • 電気化学
  • 材料科学
  • エネルギー貯蔵

背景:

  • リチウム硫黄電池は理論的に高い比エネルギーを提供しているが,リチウムポリ硫黄の降水と体積の変化により長期的な安定性が低下している.
  • 既存のリチウム硫黄電池の設計は,不可逆的な変換と限られた動作温度範囲と闘っています.

研究 の 目的:

  • リチウム硫黄電池のための安定した液体硫黄電極の設計と開発.
  • リチウム硫黄電池のシャトルと体積拡大の限界を克服する.
  • 幅広い温度スペクトルで高い比容量とサイクル安定性を達成する.

主な方法:

  • 液体硫黄電極を形成するために有機溶剤に溶解されたリチウムチオホスファート複合体の開発.
  • 分子設計と反応メカニズムを理解するために,結合光譜と密度関数理論 (DFT) を利用した.
  • 特定の容量,サイクル安定性,低温性能を評価するための電気化学試験.

主要な成果:

  • 室温0. 5°Cで400サイクル後に,0. 2°Cで1425mAhg−1の高い特異容量と80%の容量保持を達成した.
  • 低温での優れた性能を証明し, -40 °Cで400 mAh g-1と -60 °Cで200 mAh g-1を超える容量を持っています.
  • 液体硫黄電極は排出物を効果的に結合し,貯蔵し,降水を防止し,可逆的な電気化学変換を可能にします.

結論:

  • リチウムチオホスファート複合体に基づく新しい液体硫黄電極は,リチウム硫黄電池の安定性と性能を大幅に向上させます.
  • このアプローチは,多硫化物シャトルと硫黄カトドの体積変化の課題に有効な解決策を提供します.
  • 開発された技術は,高度な電池のための高性能,幅広い温度範囲の硫黄電極を設計するための新しい経路を開きます.