高性能なスピーチ神経義肢
Francis R Willett1, Erin M Kunz2,3, Chaofei Fan4
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. willett2@gmail.com.
Nature
|August 23, 2023
まとめ
この研究は,ニューラル信号から発声の試みを解読する新しい言語脳コンピュータインターフェース (BCI) を導入します. この高度なBCIは 麻痺した人のコミュニケーション回復の 精度と速度を大幅に改善します
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 生物医学工学
- リハビリテーション技術
背景:
- 脳とコンピュータのインターフェース (BCI) は重度の麻痺を患っている人にとって 潜在的コミュニケーションの経路を提供する.
- 既存の音声BCIは精度や語彙の量に制限があり,効果的なコミュニケーションを妨げています.
- アミオトロフィック・ラテラル・スクレロシス (ALS) は 言語の発達を阻害し,高度な支援技術が必要になります.
研究 の 目的:
- 皮質内マイクロエレクトロッドの記録を用いた高性能の音声からテキストへのBCIの開発と評価.
- ALS患者による発話の解読における BCIの正確性と速度を評価する.
- 言語BCIの発達に関連したニューラルコーディングの原理を調査する.
主な方法:
- 言語を試す際に神経活動が急増したのを記録するために 皮質内マイクロ電極配列を使用した.
- 神経信号をテキストに変換する 解読アルゴリズムを開発した
- 単語の誤差率を用いて評価されたパフォーマンスは,異なる語彙のサイズと測定された解読速度です.
主要な成果:
- 50語の語彙で9.1%の誤差率を達成しました これは以前の最先端技術よりも2.7倍改善です
- 最初の大きな語彙 (12万5千語) のデコードが成功し,23%の文字誤差率を示した.
- 解読速度は"分あたり62語 前の記録の3.4倍です
結論:
- 高解像度ニューラル録音はBCIを通じて正確かつ迅速な音声解読を可能にします.
- 言語のニューラルコードには 長い麻痺の後でさえも 強力な解読機能を備えています
- このBCI技術は 話すことができない人のコミュニケーションを 回復させるのに有効なアプローチです
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