熱帯 森林 は 危機 的 な 温度 値 に 近づい て いる
Christopher E Doughty1, Jenna M Keany2, Benjamin C Wiebe2
1School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA. chris.doughty@nau.edu.
Nature
|August 23, 2023
まとめ
熱帯の木の葉は,4.0°Cの気温上昇の臨界点に近づくような 臨界温度に達します 重要な森林の生態系を保護するために 緊急に気候変動対策が必要であることを強調しています
科学分野:
- 植物生理学と気候変動が 熱帯の生態系に及ぼす影響
背景:
- 熱帯の木の光合成の臨界温度 (Tcrit) は約46.7°Cである.
- 現在の葉の温度と,この限界値に達すると予想される気候変動の影響は,依然として不確実です.
研究 の 目的:
- 熱帯雨林の現在の葉の温度と将来の葉の温度を,光合成の臨界温度と比較して評価する.
- トロピカルフォレストが 代謝機能の臨界点に耐えられる 潜在的気温上昇を決定する
主な方法:
- 葉の熱電偶,ピルジオメーター,および遠隔感知 (ECOSTRESS) を使用して,パントロピカルキャノピーの温度測定を行いました.
- ブラジル,プエルトリコ,オーストラリアで葉を温める実験を行いました.
- 代謝の転換点を予測するために実験データを用いて経験モデルを開発し,検証した.
主要な成果:
- 真昼の最高気温は乾燥期には ~34°Cに達し,尾は 40°Cを超えます.
- 現在の条件ではTcritの0.01%を超えています.
- 温暖化実験では,葉のピーク温度がTcritの1.3%を超えると示され,その割合は高温で高かった.
- 経験モデルでは,代謝の臨界点の前に3. 9 ±0. 5°Cの気温上昇の許容度が予測されています.
結論:
- 熱帯雨林は,気温が3.9°C上昇する可能性のある 臨界点に直面しています.
- この推定値は最悪のシナリオ (RCP 8.5) と一致しています.
- 気候変動の緩和 (RCP 6.0や8.5を避けるなど) は,これらの重要な生態系の存続に不可欠です.
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