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Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

2.2K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.2K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

226
In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
226
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

524
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
524
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

5.6K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
5.6K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

2.3K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
2.3K
Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

66
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
66

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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

19.5K

サイバー攻撃は大きな望遠鏡を遮断する

Celina Zhao, Tanvi Dutta Gupta

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 24, 2023
    PubMed
    まとめ

    天文学者は遠隔アクセスが拒否され,重要な望遠鏡の観測時間を失うリスクに直面しています. これは天文学的研究とデータ収集の取り組みに 世界的に影響を及ぼします

    科学分野:

    • 天文学と天体物理学
    • 観測科学

    背景:

    • 天文観測所への遠隔アクセスが効率的なデータ取得に不可欠です.
    • 遠隔アクセスに関する最近の制限は,世界中の研究者のために重要な運用上の障害を生み出しました.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 天文学者へのリモートアクセス拒否の結果を調査する
    • 重要な観察時間を保存する上で直面する課題を強調する.

    主な方法:

    • 観測所のアクセスログと天文学者からのフィードバックの分析
    • アクセス制限の影響を受けた研究プロジェクトのケーススタディ

    主要な成果:

    • 天文学者はリモート アクセスの欠如のために研究を行う上で重大な困難を報告しました.
    • 価値ある観測時間は失われて 科学的進歩に 影響が及ぶ恐れがありました

    結論:

    • 恒常的で信頼性の高いリモートアクセスの確保は,現代の天文学研究にとって極めて重要です.
    • 欠かせない観測データの損失を防ぐには アクセスに関する問題の解決が不可欠です

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