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関連する概念動画

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

2.6K
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
2.6K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

87.1K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
87.1K
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

2.3K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
2.3K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

3.2K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.2K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

8.3K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
8.3K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.3K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
08:39

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

Published on: May 22, 2017

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カリウム選択チャネルロドプシンにおけるイオン選択性の構造的基礎

Seiya Tajima1, Yoon Seok Kim2, Masahiro Fukuda1

  • 1Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.

Cell
|August 31, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

K+選択的光ゲートイオンチャネル (KCR) は,カノニカルフィルターではなく,ユニークな非対称ゲートを通じて選択性を達成します. この発見により 次世代の光遺傳学的ツールが 研究や治療に利用できます

キーワード:
HcKCR についてMDシミュレーションチャネルロドプシンクリオ・エム電気生理学微生物オプシンオプトジェネティクスカリウムチャンネルスペクトロスコーピー構造誘導工学

さらに関連する動画

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

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Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)
08:54

Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)

Published on: August 9, 2024

461

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
08:39

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

Published on: May 22, 2017

17.2K
Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

13.6K
Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)
08:54

Monitoring Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 8 Channel (LRRC8/VRAC) Activity Using Sensitized-Emission Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SE-FRET)

Published on: August 9, 2024

461

科学分野:

  • 構造生物学
  • オプトジェネティクス
  • イオンチャネル生物物理学

背景:

  • KCRチャネルロドプシンが 望ましい抑制光遺伝的ツールです
  • KCRにおけるK+の選択性のメカニズムは,まだ十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • KCR の K+ 選択性の構造的基礎を解明する.
  • イオン伝導とゲーティングの仕組みを理解する
  • オプトジェネティクスのための強化されたK+の選択性を持つKCR変種を設計する.

主な方法:

  • 2.5-2.7 Åの解像度で冷凍電子顕微鏡 (冷凍EM) を使用する.
  • 電気生理学,計算モデル化,スペクトロスコーピ,そして生化学分析.
  • K+の選択性を高めるための構造誘導変異.

主要な成果:

  • HcKCR1,HcKCR2の高解像度構造と選択性が強化された変異体を決定した.
  • 非対称な細胞外ゲートと細胞内脱水経路を含む新しいK+の選択性メカニズムを明らかにした.
  • スペクトルの違いのための構造的基礎を特定し,改善されたK+選択性を持つKALI-1/KALI-2変種を設計した.

結論:

  • KCR K+の選択性メカニズムは,正規の K+チャンネルとは根本的に異なる.
  • 構造的な洞察は,高度な光遺傳学的ツールの開発のための基盤を提供します.
  • エンジニアリングされたKCRの変種は,in vitroとin vivoで光遺伝的抑制の性能を向上させます.