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関連する概念動画

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins
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PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins

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浸透した下流RNAヘアピンが動的にスタートコドン選択を決定する.

Yezi Xiang1,2, Wenze Huang3,4,5, Lianmei Tan6

  • 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Nature
|September 6, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

生物はトランスレーションによる再プログラムによって 変化する条件に適応します この研究では,上流のスタートコドン (uAUGs) の下流にある特定のRNA構造が翻訳開始を制御し,このメカニズムが王国全体で保存されていることが明らかになりました.

さらに関連する動画

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins
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PAR-CliP - A Method to Identify Transcriptome-wide the Binding Sites of RNA Binding Proteins

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 翻訳的な再プログラミングは 環境の変化に適応することを可能にします
  • メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の上流スタートコドン (uAUG) は,代替スタートサイトを提供することで翻訳を調節する.
  • 異なる条件下で選択的な翻訳を開始するメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • アラビドプシスのパターン誘発免疫における選択的翻訳開始の調節を調査する.
  • アップストリーム・オープン・リーディング・フレーム (uORF) と関連するRNA構造のトランスレーション制御における役割を特定する.
  • このメカニズムの保存とダイナミックな調節をヒト細胞で探求する.

主な方法:

  • アラビドプシスのトランスレーションと構造分析を統合した.
  • uAUGs (uAUG-ds) の下流のRNA構造を特定し予測するためのディープラーニングモデリング.
  • 植物とヒトの細胞におけるRNAヘリコース機能の比較分析.

主要な成果:

  • 免疫誘発翻訳のトランスクリプトは,uORFで強化されます.
  • uAUG の下流にあるヘアピン構造 (uAUG-ds) は,感染していない状態で選択的な uAUG 翻訳を媒介する.
  • 誘導RNAヘリケーゼは,免疫的挑戦時にuAUG-ds構造を解消し,防御タンパク質の翻訳を可能にします.
  • uAUG-ds媒介による調節はヒト細胞に保存されます.

結論:

  • mRNA構造は,トランスレーション開始コードンの選択を動的に制御する.
  • uAUG-dsは,王国間のトランスレーション再プログラムの一般的なメカニズムとして機能します.
  • RNAヘリケーズによるmRNA構造のダイナミックな改造は,適応翻訳に不可欠である.