SARS-CoV-2感染と幼児期における小島型自己免疫性の発達
Marija Lugar1, Anne Eugster1, Peter Achenbach2,3,4
1Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
JAMA
|September 8, 2023
まとめ
遺伝的な1型糖尿病のリスクのある乳児のCOVID-19感染は,小島型自己免疫と関連していた. SARS-CoV-2への曝露は,第1型糖尿病の前駆体である小島型自己抗体を発症するリスクを高めました.
科学分野:
- 小児内分泌学
- ウイルス学
- 免疫学
背景:
- 小児糖尿病の発生率は,COVID-19のパンデミック期間中に増加しました.
- SARS-CoV-2と小島型自己免疫性の関連性を理解することは,子供の糖尿病の傾向を予測する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児期におけるSARS-CoV-2感染と小島自身免疫性の発達の間の時間的関連を調べる.
- 高リスクの乳児におけるSARS-CoV-2感染後の小島原抗体の発生リスクを評価する.
主な方法:
- 1型糖尿病の遺伝的リスクが高い乳児1050人が参加した.
- SARS-CoV-2 感染症は抗体発現によって特定され,2 歳までのフォローアップ訪問を通じて小島原抗体をモニタリングした.
- SARS-CoV-2 曝露に関連して,小島原抗体発達の発生率と危険性比を分析した.
主要な成果:
- SARS-CoV-2抗体は170人の子供で,小島型自己抗体は60人の子供で発現した.
- SARS-CoV-2抗体を持つ子供は,小島型自己抗体を発症するリスクが3. 5倍高かった (HR,3. 5; 95% CI,1. 6- 7. 7).
- 18ヶ月未満のSARS-CoV-2感染のリスクは高かった (HR,5.3;95%CI,1.5-18.3).
結論:
- 1型糖尿病に遺伝的傾向がある乳児では,SARS-CoV-2感染は一時的に小島型自己免疫症に関連しています.
- この関連は,SARS-CoV-2が子どもにおける1型糖尿病の病因に潜在的役割を果たすことを示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.7K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
980
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
980
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.5K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.5K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles
5.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.0K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
581
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
581
Autoimmune Disorders
492
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
492


