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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.1K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.6K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
4.6K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.4K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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アルケンの効率的な脱水化のための高密度調整不飽和Zn触媒

Linlin Wang1, Hui Wang2,3,4, Renfei Cheng1

  • 1Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 13, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

新しい高密度協調不飽和亜鉛カチオン (Zncus) 触媒はエチルベンゼンを効率的に脱水させます. この非貴金属触媒は優れた性能と再生性を示し,触媒の研究を進めています.

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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科学分野:

  • カタリシス
  • 材料科学
  • 化学工学

背景:

  • アルカンの脱水化のための非貴金属触媒の開発は,産業用途にとって極めて重要です.
  • 効率的で安定した触媒の設計には 触媒の仕組みを理解することが重要です

研究 の 目的:

  • エチルベンゼン (EB) の直接脱水化のための高密度協調不飽和Znカチオン (Zncus) 触媒を報告する.
  • 開発された触媒の触媒性能とメカニズムを調査する.

主な方法:

  • 高密度Zncus触媒を亜鉛シリケート基板 (HD-Zncus@ZS) で合成する.
  • エチルベンゼンからスタイレンへの変換における触媒性能の評価
  • 反応経路と活性部位のメカニズムを明らかにするための密度機能理論 (DFT) の計算.

主要な成果:

  • HD-Zncus@ZS触媒は,初期EB変換の約40%とST選択性の98%以上を達成しました.
  • 活性部位の高い安定性を示す優れた再生能力を示した.
  • DFT計算では,ZncusサイトがエチルベンゼンのC-H結合を効果的に活性化することを確認した.

結論:

  • 高密度協調不飽和Znカチオンは,エチルベンゼンの脱水化のための有効な活性サイトである.
  • 開発された触媒は,スタイレン生産のための有望な非貴金属の代替品を提供します.
  • この研究は,Zncusサイトを基にした実用的な非貴金属触媒の設計のための基礎を提供します.