より 複雑 な 声 の 学習 を 示し て いる 歌う 鳥 の 種 は,問題 を 解決 する 能力 が 向上 し,脳 も 大きく なる
Jean-Nicolas Audet1,2, Mélanie Couture1,3, Erich D Jarvis1,2,3,4
1The Rockefeller University Field Research Center, Millbrook, NY, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 14, 2023
まとめ
鳥の複雑な声の学習は 問題解決能力の向上と 脳の大きさの増大と相関しています これは歌う鳥の声の学習と 問題解決能力の基礎にある 共通の認知メカニズムを示唆しています
科学分野:
- 比較認知
- 神経倫理学
- 言語の進化
背景:
- 複雑な声の学習は 人間の言語にとって極めて重要で しばしば高度な認知と結びついています
- 種内での認知音声学習の関連性に関する以前の研究は不確定である.
- 音声学習と認知能力の種間比較は欠けている.
研究 の 目的:
- 声の学習能力と 異なる鳥類の認知能力の関係を調べる
- 声の学習が 認知機能の向上と 関連しているという仮説を検証するためです
- 声の学習,認知,脳の大きさの潜在的共有メカニズムを探求する.
主な方法:
- 23種の鳥の214匹の個体で認知能力 (問題解決,関連/逆転学習,自己コントロール) を評価した.
- 野生で捕獲された歌う鳥や 声の学習ができない種も含む.
- 非認知的変数と遺伝学的経歴を制御した.
主要な成果:
- 声の学習能力が高い種は 優れた問題解決能力を発揮しました
- 声の学習と 脳の相対的な大きさの間には 肯定的な相関関係があることがわかりました
- これらの結果は,混同要因を制御した後も重要でした.
結論:
- 声の学習能力は,問題解決能力と,歌う鳥の大きな脳に関連しています.
- 結果は 声の学習,問題解決,脳の進化の 共通の遺伝的・認知的基盤を 支持しています
- この研究は,声の学習の認知相関に関する種間的証拠を提供します.
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