2000年から2019年までの風景の火災による大気汚染に対する世界の人口の暴露
Rongbin Xu1, Tingting Ye1, Xu Yue2
1Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nature
|September 21, 2023
まとめ
世界の人口は,特に細粒子物質 (PM2.5) とオゾンによる風景火災による大気汚染の増大に直面しています. この研究はLFSの汚染を定量化し,世界中の健康リスクと社会経済的格差を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 大気化学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 気候変動による森林火災の頻度と重度が増加し, 大量の大気汚染を引き起こしています.
- 土地の火災による大気汚染は 人々の健康に 危険性がありますが 世界的な被曝パターンは まだ十分に理解されていません
- 細粒子物質 (PM2.5) とオゾンを含む風景火災による大気汚染は,懸念が高まっている.
研究 の 目的:
- 2000年から2019年までの,LFSの屋外PM2.5と表面オゾンの世界的な毎日の濃度を推定する.
- LFS の大気汚染に対する世界人口の露出を特徴づけ,高リスク地域を特定する.
- LFS 空気汚染への曝露における社会経済的格差を分析する
主な方法:
- 機械学習と化学輸送モデルを使用して,LFS PM2.5とオゾン濃度を0.25° × 0.25°の解像度で推定しました.
- 2000年から2019年までのデータを分析し,2つの10年期 (2000年から2009年,2010年から2019年) を比較した.
- 人口重量平均を計算し,LFSの大気汚染に毎年曝される人の数を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 2010年から2019年の間に,平均LFS PM2.5は2.5μg/m3 (合計の6.1%) であり,LFSオゾンは3.2μg/m3 (合計の3.6%) であった.
- PM2.5への曝露はわずかに増加したが,オゾンへの曝露は前10年と比較して安定した.
- 中央アフリカ,東南アジア,南アメリカ,シベリアではLFSの汚染が最も高く,低所得国は高所得国よりも4倍高い濃度に直面しました.
- 20億8千万人以上が,毎年,かなりのLFS大気汚染にさらされており,世界の平均被曝日数は,PM2.5で6.8%,オゾンで2.1%増加しています.
結論:
- 世界の人口はLFSの空気の汚染にさらされつつある.
- 低所得者層に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしている.
- 発見は,風景の火災による健康への影響に対処するための緩和戦略の緊急必要性を強調しています.
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