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関連する概念動画

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

787
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
787
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.1K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.7K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.8K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.8K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.1K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.1K

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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

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還元性カルボキシル化がT細胞の分化に表遺伝的に指示する

Alison Jaccard1,2, Tania Wyss1,3, Noelia Maldonado-Pérez4

  • 1Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

CD8+ T細胞の特定の代謝経路を阻害すると,記憶細胞の形成が促進されます. この代謝再配線は,がんに対するキメリック抗原受容体 (CAR) T細胞治療の有効性を高めます.

さらに関連する動画

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

1.4K
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

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Published on: August 13, 2013

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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
06:51

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

15.1K

科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 代謝経路
  • 細胞の代謝

背景:

  • T細胞の活性化と増殖は 代謝の再プログラムが必要です
  • 素朴なT細胞は,エフェクタ機能のためにアナボリック代謝に切り替える.
  • T細胞の分化における代謝再配線の役割は完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • メタボリックリワイアリングが T細胞の分化に どう影響するか調べるため
  • CD8+ T細胞エフェクター機能と記憶形成における還元性カルボキシル化の役割を調査する.
  • CAR T細胞製造における代謝経路を標的とした治療の可能性を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 増殖エフェクタ CD8+ T細胞におけるグルタミン代謝の調査
  • T細胞におけるイソチラート脱水素酵素2 (IDH2) の利用された遺伝子消去.
  • CAR T細胞の分化と抗腫瘍活性に対するIDH2抑制の影響を in vivoで評価した.
  • エピジェネティック変異と遺伝子アクセシビリティを分析した.

主要な成果:

  • CD8+T細胞は,IDH2経由でグルタミン酸を還元的にカルボキシレートする.
  • IDH2の除去や抑制はT細胞の増殖やエフェクター機能を損なわない.
  • IDH2を阻害すると,CD8+ T細胞の分化が記憶細胞に促進される.
  • CAR T細胞製造中のIDH2の抑制は,臨床前モデルにおける抗腫瘍効果を高めます.

結論:

  • IDH2による還元性カルボキシル化は,エフェクタ CD8+ T細胞の増殖には欠かせないが,末端の分化を促進する.
  • IDH2によって調節される代謝経路は,T細胞をエフェクタプログラムにエピジェネティックにロックします.
  • IDH2を抑制すると,記憶T細胞の形成が増加し,CAR T細胞治療を最適化する戦略が提供されます.