金属採掘の河川システムへの影響:全体的な評価
M G Macklin1,2,3, C J Thomas1,4, A Mudbhatkal1
1Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 21, 2023
まとめ
何百万もの人々が 汚染された河川から 汚染された有毒な金属鉱山廃棄物に 曝されているのです この世界的な危険は 洪水地帯に住む2千3百万人に 影響を及ぼします
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 地化学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 過去と現在の金属採掘活動では 有毒な廃棄物が発生します
- 危険な廃棄物が集まっている 洪水地帯には 推定2300万人が住んでいます
- 鉛,亜鉛,銅,アルゼンチンは 懸念される主要な汚染物質です
研究 の 目的:
- 金属鉱山の汚染のグローバル規模を分析する
- 鉱山廃棄物にさらされている人間と家畜の集団を評価する.
- 河川の排水による長期的曝露リスクと 排水ダムの故障を比較する.
主な方法:
- 金属採掘場と尾鉱の貯蔵施設の地球参照データベースを利用した.
- 汚染の評価のためのプロセスベースの経験的にテストされたモデリングを採用しました.
- 量化された影響を受けた河川システム,洪水平原,さらされた人口と家畜.
主要な成果:
- 金属鉱山は47万9200キロメートルの河川と16万4000平方キロメートルの洪水地帯に 影響を及ぼしています
- 長期にわたる河川排水による曝露は,尾鉱のダム故障による曝露よりもはるかに高い.
- 鉱山 で 生じる 有毒 な 廃棄物 に よっ て 数百万 の 人々 や 家畜 が 危険 に 晒さ れ て い ます.
結論:
- 金属採掘は 世界的に広範囲に広がる 環境と健康上の危険性をもたらしています
- 鉱山廃棄物による川の汚染は 尾鉱のダム事故よりもはるかに大きな人口に影響します
- 河川システムにおける鉱山廃棄物に関連するリスクを軽減するために緊急の戦略が必要である.
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