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関連する概念動画

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
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トリメアシュレッフェン領域核酸によるpiRNA処理

Nadezda Podvalnaya1,2, Alfred W Bronkhorst1, Raffael Lichtenberger3,4

  • 1Biology of Non-coding RNA group, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.

Nature
|September 27, 2023
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,PIWIと相互作用するRNA前駆体の処理をC. elegansで開始する,piRNA生物生成の重要な要因であるPUCH酵素を発見した. この発見は,ゲノム免疫メカニズムを明らかにし,哺乳類の免疫反応と関連づけています.

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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • RNA 生物学

背景:

  • 移植可能な要素はゲノムの完全性を脅かします
  • PIWIタンパク質とPIWI相互作用RNA (piRNAs) は,トランポゾン制御に不可欠である.
  • piRNA 生成の正確な分子機構,特に前駆体処理は完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • C. elegansのpiRNA前駆体処理を開始する酵素を特定する.
  • この最初の処理ステップの分子機構と要件を明らかにします.
  • 特定された酵素と他のpiRNA経路の成分間の相互作用を探求する.

主な方法:

  • C.エレガンスの遺伝子解析
  • 酵素の活性を示すための生化学的測定
  • タンパク質複合体の相互作用研究 (PUCHとPETISCO)

主要な成果:

  • 21U RNA 5'-end cleavage holoenzyme (PUCH) の前駆体として初期エンドヌクレアスを特定する.
  • PUCHは,シュレーフェン型ドメインタンパク質 (SLFLタンパク質) のトリマーである.
  • PUCHには7メチルGのキャップと3番目の位置にあるウラシルが必要です.
  • PUCHはPETISCOと相互作用し,piRNAの産生をインビボで促進する.

結論:

  • PUCHはC. elegansにおける重要な5'-end piRNAバイオゲネシス因子である.
  • この発見は,SLFLタンパク質で構成された新しいRNAエンドヌクレアスを明らかにします.
  • RNAベースのトランポゾン制御とSLFN遺伝子による哺乳類の免疫反応の間に保存されたリンクが存在する.