世界の両生類の減少は,新たな脅威に直面している
Jennifer A Luedtke1,2, Janice Chanson3,4, Kelsey Neam3,4
1Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA. jluedtke@rewild.org.
Nature
|October 4, 2023
まとめ
両生類は脊椎動物の中で絶滅の危険性が最も高く,世界中で40.7%が脅威にさらされています. 気候変動と生息地の消失により 両生類の減少が加速しており 緊急の保護活動が必要になっています
科学分野:
- 動物学
- 保護生物学
- 環境科学
背景:
- 種の絶滅のリスクを定期的に評価することは 効果的な保全戦略に不可欠です
- 進化する分類学,脅威,そして研究により 種の状態の定期的な再評価が必要になる.
研究 の 目的:
- 国際自然保護連合 (IUCN) のレッドリストに含まれる 8,011 種の生物を評価する 第2回世界両生類評価を実施する.
- 全世界の両生類の保全状況を更新し,人口の変化の主な要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- IUCN レッドリストの基準による 8,011 種の両生類の体系的な評価.
- 1980年から現在までの病気,生息地喪失,気候変動を含む脅威データの分析
主要な成果:
- 両生類は最も絶滅の危機に瀕している脊椎動物のクラスで,世界の種の40.7%が絶滅の危機に瀕しています.
- 全世界の両生類の保護状況が悪化しており,特にサラマンダーや新熱帯の種が影響を受けています.
- 2004年以前は病気と生息地の喪失が 主な原因でしたが 現在では気候変動と生息地の喪失が 主な脅威となっています
結論:
- 病気,生息地の喪失,そしてますます気候変動により 両生類の個体数は 世界的に減少しています
- いくつかの種は回復の兆しを見せているが,ネガティブな傾向を逆転させるには,保護投資を大幅に拡大する必要がある.
- 世界中で両生類が直面している 絶滅のリスクを軽減するために 緊急の保全行動が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Threats to Biodiversity
22.4K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.4K
Conservation of Declining Populations
9.7K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.7K
What is Conservation Biology?
18.5K
Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
18.5K
Habitat Fragmentation
17.6K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.6K
Conservation of Small Populations
13.2K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.2K
Hybrid Zones
17.1K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
17.1K


