野生のチンパンジーにおける更年期に関する人口統計学的およびホルモン学的証拠

Brian M Wood^1,2, Jacob D Negrey³, Janine L Brown⁴

¹Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 26, 2023

まとめ

野生のチンパンジーは繁殖後の寿命を示しますこれは以前は人間やクジラにしか見られなかった特徴ですこの発見は種間の更年期と老化の進化について新たな洞察を与えてくれます

科学分野:

霊長類学
進化生物学
ゲロントロジー

背景:

繁殖後の寿命は哺乳類ではまれで,主に人間と特定の歯のあるクジラに観察されます.
ウガンダのニゴゴのチンパンジーのコミュニティは野生の群れの中でこの現象を研究するユニークな機会を提供します

研究の目的:

野生のチンパンジーの生殖後の寿命を判断するためです
これらのチンパンジーの更年期に関連したホルモンシグネチャーを調査します
チンパンジーの生殖後の寿命の進化的意味を探るため

主な方法:

ウガンダのキバレ国立公園のニゴゴチンパンジー群の縦断観測.
人口統計データを分析して生殖後の割合を計算する.
閉経シグネチャーの検出のためのチンパンジーの血液サンプルのホルモン分析

主要な成果:

繁殖後の寿命は野生のチンパンジーで記録されており,雌のチンパンジーは大人の5分の1を繁殖後に生きています.
ホルモンの分析により,生殖後の女性では50歳以降の性腺ホルモンの増加を含む更年期の兆候が明らかになった.
チンパンジーの生殖後の寿命は人間狩猟採集者の半分ほどであることが判明しました

結論:

野生のチンパンジーの生殖後の寿命の存在は哺乳類におけるその希少性に関する以前の仮定に挑戦しています
これは好ましい条件による稀な現象なのか進化した種特有の特徴なのか判断するにはさらなる研究が必要である.
チンパンジーの生殖後の寿命の進化を理解することは動物界の老化と更年期の研究に重要な意味を持っています

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