APOBEC3デアミナーゼ編集は,少なくとも2016年以来,ヒトへの持続的な感染の証拠として
Áine O'Toole1, Richard A Neher2, Nnaemeka Ndodo3
1Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 2, 2023
まとめ
モポックスウイルス (MPXV) は動物性感染症ではなく,2016年からヒトに感染している可能性があります. APOBEC3酵素の活性により,ヒトへの持続的な感染が示唆され,mopoxの疫学的理解が変化しました.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 流行病学
- ゲノミクス
背景:
- マポックス (MPXV) は,伝統的にアフリカの固有の動物性感染症と見なされている.
- 国際的なmopoxの拡散は2022年5月に発見され,既知の流行地域を超えています.
- 2022年のmopox症例は,以前のサンプルから有意な遺伝的差異を示した.
研究 の 目的:
- 2022年のモポックス疫病の進化史を調査する
- ヒトへのモポックス感染の起源と時間軸を決定する.
- 流行病学と公衆衛生の戦略を再評価する
主な方法:
- モポックスウイルスのゲノム解析
- 双重プロセスの 遺伝分子の時計を使いました
- APOBEC3デアミナーゼに起因する推定変異率
主要な成果:
- 2022年からのMPXVゲノムは,APOBEC3編集の特徴である多数の変異を示した.
- 推定mpoxウイルス (MPXV) は2016年以来,ヒトで循環しています.
- ヒトからの感染パターンが特定され, 純粋な動物感染モデルから逸脱した.
結論:
- Mpoxウイルス (MPXV) は長年にわたって人間から人間に持続的な感染を経験している可能性があります.
- APOBEC3の編集は人間の適応と循環の証拠を提供します.
- この発見は,ポークスの流行病学と公衆衛生への対応の理解を修正することを必要としています.
関連する概念動画
00:36Viral Mutations
32.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K
02:23RNA Editing
9.0K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.0K
02:33Retroviruses
12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K
02:32Exon Recombination
3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
15.2K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.2K