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Creative Thinking01:25

Creative Thinking

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Creative thinking encompasses innovative and unconventional methods for addressing challenges, often leading to groundbreaking solutions. Instead of focusing solely on enhancing existing systems, such as increasing smartphone battery capacity, creative thinking might inspire advancements like energy-efficient batteries or processors that minimize power consumption. This multidimensional approach underscores the importance of exploring novel pathways to innovation.
Divergent thinking is the...
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Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

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Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
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Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving01:13

Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving

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The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
To apply the principle of virtual work,...
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Group Polarization01:01

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Groupthink01:34

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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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リモート・コラボレーションは突破的なアイデアが少ない

Yiling Lin1, Carl Benedikt Frey2,3, Lingfei Wu4

  • 1School of Computing and Information, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

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|November 29, 2023
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まとめ

遠隔での協働は 革新的な発見を妨げています グローバル・コネクティビティが増えたにもかかわらず 分散型チームは 共同で活動するチームよりも イノベーションが低いのです 特に新しいアイデアの概念化においてです

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科学分野:

  • イノベーション研究
  • 科学社会学
  • ネットワーク科学

背景:

  • イノベーション理論は 突破口となるソーシャルネットワークとチームを 強調しています
  • 世界的な科学者と発明者の 相互接続は 史上最高水準に達しています
  • 接続性の向上にも関わらず 新しいアイデアを見つけるのは 難しくなっています

研究 の 目的:

  • 遠隔でのコラボレーションが科学者や発明家に与える影響を調査する.
  • 分散型チームにおける知識生産における労働の分割を分析する.
  • 接続性の向上と 革新性の低下のパラドックスを 調和させることです

主な方法:

  • 50年に渡って世界中で2000万件の研究論文と400万件の特許出願の分析
  • リモート・コラボレーションの拡大とその地理的分布を 文書化しています
  • 知識の生産とチームでのタスクの割り当てを調査するためのデータセットの作成.

主要な成果:

  • リモート・コラボレーションは 世界的に大幅に増加しています
  • 遠隔研究チームで働く研究者は 現場で働く研究チームと比べて 画期的な発見をする可能性が低いのです
  • 分散型チームは遅い段階の技術的な作業 (コード化された知識) でより多く協力しますが,初期の概念的な作業 (暗黙の知識) ではより少なく協力します.

結論:

  • デジタル技術の進歩にもかかわらず 遠隔コラボレーションは 破壊的なイノベーションのための 多様な知識の統合を妨げています
  • 遠隔チームでのコラボレーションの性質は 黙秘的な知識よりも 符号化された知識に優れていて 新奇性を制限しています
  • 科学者や発明家のチームにおける地理的分布は 突破的な発見の減少の重要な要因かもしれません